{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398187654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3403710","title":"Automated Program Repair for Introductory Programming Assignments","display_name":"Automated Program Repair for Introductory Programming Assignments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398187654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3403710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2024.3403710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3403710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101545018","display_name":"Han Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-451X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106406623","display_name":"Hongzhen Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-8792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhen Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069071328","display_name":"Mengying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7105-7425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072050541","display_name":"Xiaoyan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101545018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91140361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1705","last_page":"1720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8205044269561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4910552501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39816394448280334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8205044269561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4910552501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39816394448280334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2024.3403710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3403710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G460147187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61907002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173675007","https://openalex.org/W1514405275","https://openalex.org/W1771830246","https://openalex.org/W1976373002","https://openalex.org/W2001496424","https://openalex.org/W2012312630","https://openalex.org/W2020420295","https://openalex.org/W2023164354","https://openalex.org/W2145373440","https://openalex.org/W2153150125","https://openalex.org/W2168546954","https://openalex.org/W2246775628","https://openalex.org/W2276356546","https://openalex.org/W2295100577","https://openalex.org/W2373227884","https://openalex.org/W2400994325","https://openalex.org/W2795030435","https://openalex.org/W2809269663","https://openalex.org/W2889466828","https://openalex.org/W2895570420","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2898644864","https://openalex.org/W2924629359","https://openalex.org/W2943012441","https://openalex.org/W2962230923","https://openalex.org/W2962809971","https://openalex.org/W2998870469","https://openalex.org/W3043761819","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3100698844","https://openalex.org/W3134686229","https://openalex.org/W3161027892","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3198685994","https://openalex.org/W4244452926","https://openalex.org/W4255632703","https://openalex.org/W4285178113","https://openalex.org/W4286233445","https://openalex.org/W4312970618","https://openalex.org/W4312971677","https://openalex.org/W4384345708","https://openalex.org/W6713164486","https://openalex.org/W6713785344","https://openalex.org/W6732447230","https://openalex.org/W6798182279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"program":[1,16,26,55,67,164,248],"repair":[2,17,56,88,150,165,192,249],"(APR)":[3],"tools":[4],"are":[5],"valuable":[6],"for":[7,58,120,224],"students":[8,108,270],"to":[9,22,65,87,131,149,174,264,267],"assist":[10,269],"them":[11],"with":[12,82,255],"debugging":[13],"tasks,":[14],"since":[15],"captures":[18],"the":[19,28,32,94,101,125,133,136,140,151,160,172,195],"code":[20,39,68,72,79,104,113,122,142,147,257],"modification":[21],"make":[23],"a":[24,84,247],"buggy":[25,226],"pass":[27],"given":[29],"test-suite.":[30],"However,":[31],"process":[33],"of":[34,38,111,128,135,144,159,222],"manually":[35],"generating":[36],"catalogs":[37],"modifications":[40,69,80,143],"is":[41,63,130,218],"intricate":[42],"and":[43,169,185,208],"time-consuming.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"proposes":[47],"Contextual":[48],"Error":[49],"Model":[50],"Repair":[51],"(CEMR),":[52],"an":[53],"automated":[54],"tool":[57],"introductory":[59],"programming":[60,96],"assignments.":[61],"CEMR":[62,98,129,189,200,228,240],"designed":[64],"learn":[66],"from":[70],"incorrect-correct":[71,112,145,256],"pairs":[73,110,148,258],"automatically.":[74],"Then,":[75],"it":[76,138],"utilizes":[77],"these":[78],"along":[81],"CodeBERT,":[83],"generative":[85],"AI,":[86],"students'":[89],"new":[90,152],"incorrect":[91,153],"programs":[92],"in":[93,109,205,214,271],"same":[95],"assignment.":[97],"builds":[99],"on":[100,183],"observation":[102],"that":[103,239,251],"edits":[105],"performed":[106],"by":[107],"can":[114,241],"be":[115,244,261],"used":[116],"as":[117,171,232,234,246],"input-output":[118],"examples":[119],"learning":[121,272],"modifications.":[123],"And":[124],"key":[126],"idea":[127],"leverage":[132],"wisdom":[134],"crowd:":[137],"uses":[139],"existing":[141],"student":[146,154],"attempts.":[155],"We":[156,237],"chose":[157],"three":[158],"most":[161],"related":[162],"automatic":[163],"tools,":[166],"Refazer,":[167],"Refactory,":[168],"AlphaRepair,":[170],"baselines":[173],"compare":[175],"against":[176],"CEMR.":[177],"The":[178],"experimental":[179],"results":[180,254],"demonstrate":[181],"that,":[182],"public":[184],"real":[186],"classroom":[187],"datasets,":[188],"achieves":[190,252],"higher":[191],"rates":[193],"than":[194],"baselines.":[196],"Through":[197],"further":[198,262],"analysis,":[199],"has":[201],"demonstrated":[202],"promising":[203],"effectiveness":[204],"addressing":[206],"semantical":[207],"logical":[209],"errors,":[210],"while":[211],"its":[212],"performance":[213],"fixing":[215],"syntactical":[216],"errors":[217],"limited.":[219],"In":[220],"terms":[221],"time":[223],"repairing":[225],"programs,":[227],"costs":[229],"approximately":[230],"half":[231],"much":[233],"AlphaRepair":[235],"requires.":[236],"opine":[238],"not":[242],"only":[243],"seen":[245],"method":[250],"good":[253],"but":[259],"also":[260],"utilized":[263],"generate":[265],"hints":[266],"better":[268],"programming.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}