{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396680517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3396873","title":"Automated Essay Scoring and Revising Based on Open-Source Large Language Models","display_name":"Automated Essay Scoring and Revising Based on Open-Source Large Language Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396680517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3396873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2024.3396873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3396873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023754115","display_name":"Yishen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4846-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yishen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Distance Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Distance Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102660529","display_name":"Qianta Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1446-4708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianta Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027431605","display_name":"Huaibo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1423-2023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaibo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064318811","display_name":"Qinhua Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-3295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinhua Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Distance Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Distance Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023754115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99369877,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1880","last_page":"1890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7073478698730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.7038640379905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5854578614234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5782160758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5779451131820679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5479899644851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4892894923686981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4889327585697174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.42381221055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16418340802192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10056701302528381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7073478698730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.7038640379905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5854578614234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5782160758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5779451131820679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5479899644851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4892894923686981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4889327585697174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.42381221055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16418340802192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10056701302528381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2024.3396873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2024.3396873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2047587365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62277004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131470086","https://openalex.org/W1502142963","https://openalex.org/W2037789405","https://openalex.org/W2046553684","https://openalex.org/W2051092771","https://openalex.org/W2099724052","https://openalex.org/W2107862273","https://openalex.org/W2251191978","https://openalex.org/W2510521397","https://openalex.org/W2523258810","https://openalex.org/W2560739164","https://openalex.org/W2564237127","https://openalex.org/W2571231634","https://openalex.org/W2760375974","https://openalex.org/W2901631847","https://openalex.org/W2903046105","https://openalex.org/W2963270153","https://openalex.org/W2966714320","https://openalex.org/W2974340959","https://openalex.org/W3093840109","https://openalex.org/W3134643812","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W4210411337","https://openalex.org/W4210468047","https://openalex.org/W4251165318","https://openalex.org/W4281557260","https://openalex.org/W4285247752","https://openalex.org/W4288104672","https://openalex.org/W4317790171","https://openalex.org/W4319460874","https://openalex.org/W4376139550","https://openalex.org/W4376653782","https://openalex.org/W4383334323","https://openalex.org/W4386253646","https://openalex.org/W4386574345","https://openalex.org/W4387164696","https://openalex.org/W4387954002","https://openalex.org/W4390921168","https://openalex.org/W4391661558","https://openalex.org/W6676024157","https://openalex.org/W6767715011","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6838865847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W2413243053","https://openalex.org/W410723623","https://openalex.org/W2015341305","https://openalex.org/W2035068594","https://openalex.org/W4225593417","https://openalex.org/W2573498121","https://openalex.org/W3022298670","https://openalex.org/W3160494304","https://openalex.org/W2084164722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manually":[0],"scoring":[1,24,265],"and":[2,26,40,49,67,73,85,111,131,139,150,194,216,258,266],"revising":[3,29,267],"student":[4,78,263],"essays":[5,236],"has":[6],"long":[7],"been":[8],"a":[9,115,141,147,151,176,252],"time-consuming":[10],"task":[11,183],"for":[12,155],"educators.":[13],"With":[14],"the":[15,87,103,137,156,170,181,201,204,207,228,232,235,240,246],"rise":[16],"of":[17,46,82,105,158,172,188,234],"natural":[18],"language":[19,91],"processing":[20],"techniques,":[21],"automated":[22,27],"essay":[23,28,117,264],"(AES)":[25],"(AER)":[30],"have":[31,74],"emerged":[32],"to":[33,56,96,186,245,255],"alleviate":[34],"this":[35],"burden.":[36],"However,":[37],"current":[38],"AES":[39,66,110,133,182],"AER":[41,68,112,159,229],"models":[42,92],"require":[43],"large":[44,90],"amounts":[45],"training":[47,210],"data":[48],"lack":[50],"generalizability,":[51],"which":[52],"makes":[53],"them":[54],"hard":[55],"implement":[57],"in":[58,89,123,180],"daily":[59],"teaching":[60],"activities.":[61],"Moreover,":[62],"online":[63,125],"sites":[64],"offering":[65],"services":[69],"charge":[70],"high":[71],"fees":[72],"security":[75],"issues":[76],"uploading":[77],"content.":[79],"In":[80],"light":[81],"these":[83,98],"challenges,":[84],"recognizing":[86],"advancements":[88],"(LLMs),":[93],"we":[94,127],"aim":[95],"fill":[97],"research":[99],"gaps":[100],"by":[101,199],"analyzing":[102],"performance":[104,171],"open-source":[106,173,223,269],"LLMs":[107,138,161,174,224],"when":[108],"accomplishing":[109],"tasks.":[113],"Using":[114],"human-scored":[116],"dataset":[118],"(n":[119],"=":[120],"600)":[121],"collected":[122],"an":[124],"assessment,":[126],"implemented":[128],"zero-shot,":[129],"few-shot,":[130],"p-tuning":[132],"methods":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136],"conducted":[140,146],"human-machine":[142,164],"consistency":[143,165],"check.":[144],"We":[145],"similarity":[148,214],"test":[149,154,215,219],"score":[152,205,217],"difference":[153,218],"results":[157,220,242],"with":[160,175,203,262],"support.":[162],"The":[163,213],"check":[166],"result":[167],"shows":[168],"that":[169,187,222,239],"10B":[177],"parameter":[178],"size":[179],"is":[184],"close":[185],"some":[189],"deep":[190],"learning":[191],"baseline":[192],"models,":[193],"it":[195],"can":[196,225],"be":[197],"improved":[198],"integrating":[200],"comment":[202],"into":[206],"shot":[208],"or":[209],"continuous":[211],"prompts.":[212],"show":[221],"effectively":[226],"accomplish":[227],"task,":[230],"improving":[231],"quality":[233],"while":[237],"ensuring":[238],"revision":[241],"are":[243],"similar":[244],"original":[247],"essays.":[248],"This":[249],"study":[250],"reveals":[251],"practical":[253],"path":[254],"cost-effectively,":[256],"time-efficiently,":[257],"content-safely":[259],"assisting":[260],"teachers":[261],"using":[268],"LLMs.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}