{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388936723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3336240","title":"OPKT: Enhancing Knowledge Tracing With Optimized Pretraining Mechanisms in Intelligent Tutoring","display_name":"OPKT: Enhancing Knowledge Tracing With Optimized Pretraining Mechanisms in Intelligent Tutoring","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388936723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3336240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3336240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3336240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054695808","display_name":"Liqing Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-2742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liqing Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102961556","display_name":"Menglin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8640-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589756","display_name":"Jingcheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-5586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingcheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054695808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9064245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"841","last_page":"855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8376585245132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.717353880405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.612600564956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5134654641151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4169754087924957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4064919650554657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8376585245132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.717353880405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.612600564956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5134654641151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4169754087924957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4064919650554657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3336240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3336240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959691478","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2559094423","https://openalex.org/W3035442578","https://openalex.org/W3037628497","https://openalex.org/W3040479400","https://openalex.org/W3043869244","https://openalex.org/W3096180801","https://openalex.org/W3172373930","https://openalex.org/W3205662613","https://openalex.org/W4221061526","https://openalex.org/W4283778173","https://openalex.org/W4307561542","https://openalex.org/W4309835971","https://openalex.org/W4367046760","https://openalex.org/W4380894103","https://openalex.org/W6621483976","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6635506514","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6765830420","https://openalex.org/W6780226713","https://openalex.org/W6785417489","https://openalex.org/W6797615843","https://openalex.org/W6849504331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"tracing":[1],"(KT)":[2],"is":[3,115,166],"essential":[4],"in":[5,28,46],"intelligent":[6],"tutoring":[7],"systems":[8],"for":[9],"tracking":[10],"learners'":[11,25],"knowledge":[12,30,87,143],"states":[13,144],"and":[14,31,95,145,172,178],"predicting":[15],"their":[16],"future":[17],"performance.":[18,66],"Numerous":[19],"prevailing":[20],"KT":[21,100,105,137,159],"methods":[22],"prioritize":[23],"modeling":[24],"behavioral":[26],"patterns":[27],"acquiring":[29],"the":[32,39,54,64,84,108,111,124,129,135,142,151,176,184],"relationship":[33],"among":[34],"interactions.":[35],"However,":[36],"due":[37],"to":[38,82,118,134],"sparsity":[40],"problem,":[41],"they":[42],"frequently":[43],"encounter":[44],"challenges":[45],"effectively":[47,116],"uncovering":[48],"latent":[49,77],"contextual":[50,121,130],"features":[51,78],"embedded":[52],"within":[53],"learning":[55,80,113,125],"sequences.":[56,126],"This":[57],"limitation":[58],"may":[59],"impose":[60],"certain":[61],"constraints":[62],"on":[63,75,161],"predictive":[65],"In":[67,107],"light":[68],"of":[69,86,123,153,180,183],"this":[70,72],"concern,":[71],"article":[73],"focuses":[74],"extracting":[76],"from":[79],"sequences":[81],"enhance":[83],"assessment":[85],"states.":[88],"Consequently,":[89],"we":[90],"design":[91],"optimized":[92,102],"pretraining":[93,103,109],"mechanisms":[94],"introduce":[96],"an":[97],"enhanced":[98],"deep":[99,104],"method,":[101],"(OPKT).":[106],"phase,":[110],"self-supervised":[112],"approach":[114],"employed":[117],"train":[119],"comprehensive":[120],"encodings":[122,131],"During":[127],"fine-tuning,":[128],"are":[132],"transferred":[133],"downstream":[136],"model,":[138],"which":[139],"then":[140],"generates":[141],"makes":[146],"predictions.":[147],"Through":[148],"our":[149,154],"experiments,":[150],"superiority":[152],"method":[155],"over":[156],"six":[157],"existing":[158],"models":[160],"five":[162],"publicly":[163],"available":[164],"datasets":[165],"demonstrated.":[167],"Furthermore,":[168],"extensive":[169],"ablation":[170],"studies":[171],"visualized":[173],"analysis":[174],"validate":[175],"rationality":[177],"effectiveness":[179],"every":[181],"component":[182],"OPKT":[185],"architecture.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
