{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386634686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3314610","title":"Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386634686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3314610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3314610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3314610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054978804","display_name":"Kashif Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-9275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100923","display_name":"Munster Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xpqh61","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100923"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053140954","display_name":"Waleed Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081521030","display_name":"Ammar Elhassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar El-Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman, Amman, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037574053","display_name":"Junaid Qadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-2475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Qadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042094709","display_name":"Driss Benhaddou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Driss Benhaddou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Engineering Technology, College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Engineering Technology, College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050702557","display_name":"Moussa Ayyash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-143X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74234424","display_name":"Chicago State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ekwbr88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74234424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moussa Ayyash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing, Information, Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing, Information, Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74234424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008695053","display_name":"Ala Al\u2010Fuqaha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ala Al-Fuqaha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Computing Technology (ICT) Division, College of Science and Engineering (CSE), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Computing Technology (ICT) Division, College of Science and Engineering (CSE), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054978804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100923"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":56.5705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":208,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99842213,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"12","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9498999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7497786283493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.6329619288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.6027436256408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5951196551322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5343633890151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3891998529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08392056822776794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7497786283493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.6329619288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6027436256408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5951196551322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5343633890151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3891998529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08392056822776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3314610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2023.3314610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/66057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/66057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":155,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38820355","https://openalex.org/W1021000864","https://openalex.org/W1539947443","https://openalex.org/W1544457014","https://openalex.org/W1701865079","https://openalex.org/W1792679987","https://openalex.org/W1811501602","https://openalex.org/W1985824294","https://openalex.org/W2006444123","https://openalex.org/W2009858410","https://openalex.org/W2024105943","https://openalex.org/W2027711578","https://openalex.org/W2030308361","https://openalex.org/W2030808931","https://openalex.org/W2079777076","https://openalex.org/W2095512485","https://openalex.org/W2121483459","https://openalex.org/W2130314184","https://openalex.org/W2139540958","https://openalex.org/W2142806146","https://openalex.org/W2160414109","https://openalex.org/W2163555205","https://openalex.org/W2188960590","https://openalex.org/W2209120240","https://openalex.org/W2275841169","https://openalex.org/W2294691030","https://openalex.org/W2296861090","https://openalex.org/W2303392718","https://openalex.org/W2517724752","https://openalex.org/W2529553635","https://openalex.org/W2562964936","https://openalex.org/W2566254292","https://openalex.org/W2569549648","https://openalex.org/W2572386335","https://openalex.org/W2665467093","https://openalex.org/W2739757962","https://openalex.org/W2744901042","https://openalex.org/W2765784106","https://openalex.org/W2767075176","https://openalex.org/W2770182351","https://openalex.org/W2778346537","https://openalex.org/W2784193494","https://openalex.org/W2787156157","https://openalex.org/W2791787546","https://openalex.org/W2792355186","https://openalex.org/W2793070678","https://openalex.org/W2794238754","https://openalex.org/W2797609496","https://openalex.org/W2798333819","https://openalex.org/W2799194347","https://openalex.org/W2800700858","https://openalex.org/W2891995560","https://openalex.org/W2899401604","https://openalex.org/W2899573127","https://openalex.org/W2899861016","https://openalex.org/W2901666165","https://openalex.org/W2903639314","https://openalex.org/W2903826588","https://openalex.org/W2904197112","https://openalex.org/W2911048623","https://openalex.org/W2911187259","https://openalex.org/W2916178355","https://openalex.org/W2917910682","https://openalex.org/W2922172718","https://openalex.org/W2936400010","https://openalex.org/W2937976176","https://openalex.org/W2943233196","https://openalex.org/W2946580964","https://openalex.org/W2948300449","https://openalex.org/W2949737383","https://openalex.org/W2950896896","https://openalex.org/W2953031560","https://openalex.org/W2962684017","https://openalex.org/W2964224021","https://openalex.org/W2965453792","https://openalex.org/W2967076347","https://openalex.org/W2970130871","https://openalex.org/W2974424456","https://openalex.org/W2978951523","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W2996103499","https://openalex.org/W3000065748","https://openalex.org/W3004652424","https://openalex.org/W3004945403","https://openalex.org/W3014303321","https://openalex.org/W3016822118","https://openalex.org/W3018063079","https://openalex.org/W3035032067","https://openalex.org/W3035269559","https://openalex.org/W3045430530","https://openalex.org/W3083236113","https://openalex.org/W3087974299","https://openalex.org/W3089867263","https://openalex.org/W3090323843","https://openalex.org/W3094535194","https://openalex.org/W3119701662","https://openalex.org/W3120515101","https://openalex.org/W3134997278","https://openalex.org/W3138088145","https://openalex.org/W3155263273","https://openalex.org/W3170142207","https://openalex.org/W3186514175","https://openalex.org/W3189219694","https://openalex.org/W3194464763","https://openalex.org/W3195577433","https://openalex.org/W3199189488","https://openalex.org/W3210511278","https://openalex.org/W4200103687","https://openalex.org/W4200613005","https://openalex.org/W4214643205","https://openalex.org/W4214848113","https://openalex.org/W4226394265","https://openalex.org/W4233405299","https://openalex.org/W4238436855","https://openalex.org/W4286703673","https://openalex.org/W4295678568","https://openalex.org/W4298154503","https://openalex.org/W4311126237","https://openalex.org/W4313343004","https://openalex.org/W4320731315","https://openalex.org/W4323285637","https://openalex.org/W4323846342","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4366816800","https://openalex.org/W4377227441","https://openalex.org/W4380325134","https://openalex.org/W4381662290","https://openalex.org/W4382566927","https://openalex.org/W4384659608","https://openalex.org/W4385223296","https://openalex.org/W4385473512","https://openalex.org/W6601548876","https://openalex.org/W6632458873","https://openalex.org/W6638423100","https://openalex.org/W6640728665","https://openalex.org/W6679661475","https://openalex.org/W6687351798","https://openalex.org/W6688419140","https://openalex.org/W6691000658","https://openalex.org/W6719844942","https://openalex.org/W6729573052","https://openalex.org/W6732365979","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6749255027","https://openalex.org/W6750943009","https://openalex.org/W6762856022","https://openalex.org/W6763377418","https://openalex.org/W6765036879","https://openalex.org/W6767102486","https://openalex.org/W6773504106","https://openalex.org/W6800751262","https://openalex.org/W6801015722","https://openalex.org/W6854574288","https://openalex.org/W6854843995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329500892","https://openalex.org/W28991112","https://openalex.org/W2370726991","https://openalex.org/W2369710579","https://openalex.org/W2545348020","https://openalex.org/W2064165679","https://openalex.org/W4327728159","https://openalex.org/W2912751582","https://openalex.org/W1588461101","https://openalex.org/W2130893381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"<italic":[1],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[2],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">education</i>":[3],"constitutes":[4],"an":[5],"essential":[6],"development":[7,156],"standard":[8],"for":[9,198,244],"individuals":[10],"and":[11,26,100,104,113,138,147,155,205],"societies,":[12],"researchers":[13],"have":[14,27,207],"been":[15,208],"exploring":[16],"the":[17,29,46,78,126,145,151,163,178,186,192,199,211,217,248],"use":[18],"of":[19,36,45,61,77,93,144,153,191,224],"artificial":[20],"intelligence":[21],"(AI)":[22],"in":[23,64,84,95,130,132,158,160,177,185,247],"this":[24,48,88],"domain":[25,187],"embedded":[28],"technology":[30],"within":[31],"it":[32,66],"through":[33],"a":[34,42,120,141,195,242],"myriad":[35],"applications.":[37],"In":[38,86],"order":[39],"to":[40,53,124,173,240],"provide":[41,241],"detailed":[43,121,142,236],"overview":[44],"efforts,":[47],"article":[49,89,117],"pays":[50],"particular":[51],"attention":[52],"these":[54],"developments":[55],"by":[56],"highlighting":[57],"key":[58],"application":[59],"areas":[60],"data-driven":[62,80],"AI":[63,81,94,131,159,227],"education;":[65],"also":[67,118],"analyzes":[68],"existing":[69],"tools,":[70],"research":[71,128,154,175,246],"trends,":[72],"as":[73,75,150,210],"well":[74],"limitations":[76],"role":[79],"can":[82],"play":[83],"education.":[85,161],"particular,":[87],"reviews":[90],"various":[91],"applications":[92],"education":[96,133,225],"including":[97],"student":[98,102],"grading":[99,204],"assessments,":[101],"retention":[103],"drop-out":[105],"predictions,":[106],"sentiment":[107],"analysis,":[108,165],"intelligent":[109],"tutoring,":[110],"classroom":[111],"monitoring,":[112],"recommender":[114],"systems.":[115],"This":[116],"provides":[119,140],"bibliometric":[122,164],"analysis":[123,181,237],"highlight":[125],"salient":[127],"trends":[129,176],"over":[134],"nine":[135],"years":[136],"(2014\u20132022)":[137],"further":[139],"description":[143],"tools":[146],"platforms":[148],"developed":[149],"outcome":[152],"efforts":[157],"For":[162],"articles":[166],"from":[167,188],"several":[168,222],"top":[169],"venues":[170],"are":[171],"analyzed":[172],"explore":[174],"domain.":[179,249],"The":[180],"shows":[182],"sufficient":[183],"contribution":[184],"different":[189],"parts":[190],"world":[193],"with":[194],"clear":[196],"lead":[197],"United":[200],"States.":[201],"Moreover,":[202],"students'":[203],"evaluation":[206],"observed":[209,221],"most":[212],"widely":[213],"explored":[214],"application.":[215],"Despite":[216],"significant":[218],"success,":[219],"we":[220],"aspects":[223],"where":[226],"alone":[228],"has":[229],"not":[230],"contributed":[231],"much.":[232],"We":[233],"believe":[234],"such":[235],"is":[238],"expected":[239],"baseline":[243],"future":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}