{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155309847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2021.3073559","title":"The State-of-the-Art on Collective Intelligence in Online Educational Technologies","display_name":"The State-of-the-Art on Collective Intelligence in Online Educational Technologies","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155309847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2021.3073559","mag":"3155309847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2021.3073559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2021.3073559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2021.3073559","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001850349","display_name":"Thyago Ten\u00f3rio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-8811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thyago Tenorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-8811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006855037","display_name":"Seiji Isotani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seiji Isotani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-0784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061181768","display_name":"Ig Ibert Bittencourt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79889768","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Alagoas","ror":"https://ror.org/00dna7t83","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79889768"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ig Ibert Bittencourt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Macei\u00f3, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-2280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Macei\u00f3, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79889768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645258","display_name":"Yu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-4971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-4971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001850349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2025,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89059172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"257","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9305999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6309009790420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6306304931640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.5999665856361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5599203705787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.5481879115104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-intelligence","display_name":"Collective intelligence","score":0.5442994832992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"Collaborative learning","score":0.5279485583305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.48195144534111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34729820489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.268462598323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21324771642684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.07613277435302734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6309009790420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6306304931640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.5999665856361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5599203705787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.5481879115104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89057211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432197","display_name":"Collective intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5442994832992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.5279485583305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.48195144534111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34729820489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.268462598323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21324771642684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.07613277435302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2021.3073559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2021.3073559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:003028984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2021.3073559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Intelectual)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:003028984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2021.3073559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Intelectual)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63165305","https://openalex.org/W83303476","https://openalex.org/W141253210","https://openalex.org/W145934884","https://openalex.org/W230233429","https://openalex.org/W397180395","https://openalex.org/W813576452","https://openalex.org/W1514199858","https://openalex.org/W1550388017","https://openalex.org/W1773715795","https://openalex.org/W1975725007","https://openalex.org/W1978345591","https://openalex.org/W1988378046","https://openalex.org/W1991488045","https://openalex.org/W1992929674","https://openalex.org/W1997390514","https://openalex.org/W2015897052","https://openalex.org/W2022710553","https://openalex.org/W2035649396","https://openalex.org/W2046100431","https://openalex.org/W2055570765","https://openalex.org/W2067923756","https://openalex.org/W2120220258","https://openalex.org/W2121340883","https://openalex.org/W2122383787","https://openalex.org/W2130662754","https://openalex.org/W2136208491","https://openalex.org/W2144596371","https://openalex.org/W2150495644","https://openalex.org/W2152378008","https://openalex.org/W2160338921","https://openalex.org/W2163361328","https://openalex.org/W2170989440","https://openalex.org/W2209952886","https://openalex.org/W2210080460","https://openalex.org/W2230126727","https://openalex.org/W2399925524","https://openalex.org/W2405579417","https://openalex.org/W2420221203","https://openalex.org/W2463180338","https://openalex.org/W2483268698","https://openalex.org/W2603912563","https://openalex.org/W2604039333","https://openalex.org/W2736055217","https://openalex.org/W2772952572","https://openalex.org/W2788587406","https://openalex.org/W2792022798","https://openalex.org/W2793400611","https://openalex.org/W2796171214","https://openalex.org/W2805256738","https://openalex.org/W2805868448","https://openalex.org/W2807319617","https://openalex.org/W2899516957","https://openalex.org/W2902669196","https://openalex.org/W2913704380","https://openalex.org/W2959434336","https://openalex.org/W3039855090","https://openalex.org/W3192947973","https://openalex.org/W6602574572","https://openalex.org/W6603385601","https://openalex.org/W6649530475","https://openalex.org/W6677864086","https://openalex.org/W6678244042","https://openalex.org/W6684172481","https://openalex.org/W6689226566","https://openalex.org/W6751752172","https://openalex.org/W6752157492","https://openalex.org/W6756861821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185553570","https://openalex.org/W2155401483","https://openalex.org/W3045247719","https://openalex.org/W2102102835","https://openalex.org/W2801429282","https://openalex.org/W1532858645","https://openalex.org/W4377140396","https://openalex.org/W2538946438","https://openalex.org/W1967000815","https://openalex.org/W2124020042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,135],"application":[1],"of":[2,30,39,60,76,95,119,141,158,161,186,192,198,205,226],"the":[3,25,37,93,108,111,117,156,159,187,199,224],"collective":[4],"intelligence":[5],"(CI)":[6],"concept":[7],"has":[8,18,41,63,99],"yielded":[9],"significant":[10],"results":[11,23,150,211],"in":[12,24,66,79,83,102,116,166,213,228],"many":[13],"knowledge":[14],"areas":[15],"and":[16,33,49,106,127,147,163,175,209],"it":[17],"substantial":[19],"potential":[20,43,160,225],"to":[21,44,73,138,169,176,222],"yield":[22],"educational":[26,35,70,173,178],"context.":[27,81],"In":[28],"view":[29],"distance":[31],"education":[32],"online":[34,69,103,139,229],"technologies,":[36,71],"use":[38],"CI":[40,62,98,154,227],"enormous":[42],"improve":[45,177],"collaboration,":[46],"social":[47,167],"learning,":[48],"problem":[50],"solving.":[51],"However,":[52,195],"there":[53],"is":[54,220],"still":[55],"not":[56],"a":[57,74,88],"clear":[58],"understanding":[59],"how":[61,97],"been":[64,100],"used":[65,101],"combination":[67],"with":[68,92],"due":[72],"lack":[75],"secondary":[77],"studies":[78,126,144,188,200],"this":[80,84,214],"Thus,":[82],"article,":[85],"we":[86],"conducted":[87],"systematic":[89],"literature":[90],"review":[91],"objectives":[94],"determining":[96],"learning":[104,140,165,193,230],"environments":[105,168],"identifying":[107],"benefits":[109],"and/or":[110],"difficulties":[112],"that":[113,153,217],"are":[114],"encountered":[115],"process":[118],"its":[120],"use.":[121],"We":[122],"have":[123,130,151],"analyzed":[124],"354":[125],"only":[128],"30":[129,143],"met":[131],"our":[132],"inclusion":[133],"criteria.":[134],"main":[136],"contributions":[137],"these":[142],"were":[145],"categorized":[146],"discussed.":[148],"Our":[149],"shown":[152],"enables":[155],"exploration.":[157],"collaboration":[162],"collaborative":[164],"create":[170],"more":[171,218],"diverse":[172],"contents":[174],"aspects":[179],"using":[180],"group":[181],"intelligence.":[182],"Moreover,":[183],"approximately":[184,196],"74%":[185],"presented":[189,202,212],"positive":[190,203],"evidence":[191,204],"benefits.":[194],"40%":[197],"also":[201],"implementation":[206],"difficulties.":[207],"These":[208],"other":[210],"article":[215],"demonstrate":[216],"research":[219],"necessary":[221],"explore":[223],"technologies.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}