{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081914485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2020.3020497","title":"Automatic Method to Identify E-Learner Emotions Using Behavioral Cues","display_name":"Automatic Method to Identify E-Learner Emotions Using Behavioral Cues","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081914485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2020.3020497","mag":"3081914485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2020.3020497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2020.3020497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065658269","display_name":"Zahra Karamimehr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Karamimehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064715726","display_name":"Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-7452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-7452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070926123","display_name":"Soheil Sibdari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-8999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100633361","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/00fzmm222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soheil Sibdari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-8999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74191331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"762","last_page":"776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7149721384048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6113026738166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.46681639552116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.462808758020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-inference-system","display_name":"Fuzzy inference system","score":0.459847092628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.4418374001979828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43582484126091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.42900484800338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.4143572151660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.27628207206726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-inference-system","display_name":"Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system","score":0.25501394271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.14262863993644714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7149721384048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6113026738166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.46681639552116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.462808758020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987376176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy inference system","level":5,"score":0.459847092628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.4418374001979828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43582484126091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.42900484800338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.4143572151660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27628207206726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186108316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352530","display_name":"Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system","level":4,"score":0.25501394271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.14262863993644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2020.3020497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2020.3020497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101591081","https://openalex.org/W203133892","https://openalex.org/W304054058","https://openalex.org/W1484717987","https://openalex.org/W1542668851","https://openalex.org/W1553483187","https://openalex.org/W1565050238","https://openalex.org/W1665755328","https://openalex.org/W1796053269","https://openalex.org/W1811740382","https://openalex.org/W1907356096","https://openalex.org/W1944385714","https://openalex.org/W1962009920","https://openalex.org/W1976066595","https://openalex.org/W1977137834","https://openalex.org/W1981119341","https://openalex.org/W1995641269","https://openalex.org/W1997400788","https://openalex.org/W2000493859","https://openalex.org/W2001097956","https://openalex.org/W2005111406","https://openalex.org/W2018990635","https://openalex.org/W2021071494","https://openalex.org/W2025323980","https://openalex.org/W2028417436","https://openalex.org/W2033489377","https://openalex.org/W2043995441","https://openalex.org/W2055952171","https://openalex.org/W2061319836","https://openalex.org/W2083614944","https://openalex.org/W2084046402","https://openalex.org/W2094663782","https://openalex.org/W2098352977","https://openalex.org/W2102639289","https://openalex.org/W2106838454","https://openalex.org/W2109474021","https://openalex.org/W2113433880","https://openalex.org/W2113684409","https://openalex.org/W2127339196","https://openalex.org/W2127727096","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2146733310","https://openalex.org/W2153771043","https://openalex.org/W2168493061","https://openalex.org/W2169365000","https://openalex.org/W2187430987","https://openalex.org/W2236838239","https://openalex.org/W2278113816","https://openalex.org/W2278515602","https://openalex.org/W2342195904","https://openalex.org/W2525789607","https://openalex.org/W2560402458","https://openalex.org/W2573635352","https://openalex.org/W2623119152","https://openalex.org/W2726355060","https://openalex.org/W2729814639","https://openalex.org/W4292808503","https://openalex.org/W6686830678","https://openalex.org/W6732293264","https://openalex.org/W6740723495","https://openalex.org/W6740774074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W4234808182","https://openalex.org/W4255628145","https://openalex.org/W2382043075","https://openalex.org/W2809151339","https://openalex.org/W2216913934","https://openalex.org/W2936654249","https://openalex.org/W3108880533","https://openalex.org/W135622916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,54],"article,":[2],"we":[3,77],"offer":[4],"and":[5,80,117,142,151,161],"test":[6],"a":[7,101,112],"nonsurvey-based":[8,123],"method":[9],"to":[10,30,61,71,82,91],"characterize":[11],"learner":[12,23,56],"emotions.":[13,52],"Our":[14],"method,":[15],"instead":[16],"of":[17,22,36,50,114,121,132,171],"using":[18],"surveys,":[19],"uses":[20],"logs":[21],"behaviors":[24],"in":[25,100,108],"learning":[26,102],"management":[27],"systems":[28,124],"(LMS)":[29],"reason":[31],"about":[32],"the":[33,37,41,47,92,96,119,127,130,169,172],"emotional":[34],"state":[35],"e-learner.":[38],"We":[39,64,104],"use":[40],"control":[42],"value":[43],"theory":[44],"(CVT)":[45],"as":[46],"theoretical":[48],"base":[49],"measuring":[51],"Using":[53],"theory,":[55],"emotions":[57,99],"are":[58],"directly":[59],"tied":[60],"their":[62],"achievements.":[63],"develop":[65],"two":[66,88],"fuzzy":[67],"inference":[68],"systems,":[69],"one":[70],"measure":[72,83],"academic":[73],"self-efficacy":[74],"(ASE),":[75],"that":[76],"call":[78],"ASEMEL,":[79],"another":[81],"task":[84],"value,":[85],"TAVAMEL.":[86],"These":[87],"factors,":[89],"according":[90],"CVT,":[93],"can":[94],"identify":[95],"prospective":[97],"outcome":[98],"environment.":[103],"conducted":[105],"our":[106,122,140,145],"experiment":[107],"an":[109,133],"LMS":[110],"with":[111,129,154,158,164,168],"sample":[113],"30":[115],"students":[116],"validated":[118],"performance":[120],"by":[125,138],"comparing":[126],"results":[128],"measures":[131],"equivalent":[134],"survey-based":[135],"method.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"linking":[139],"ASEMEL":[141],"TAVAMEL":[143],"results,":[144],"system":[146],"anticipated":[147],"\u201chopelessness,\u201d":[148],"\u201canticipated":[149],"relief\u201d":[150],"\u201cno":[152],"emotion\u201d":[153],"97%":[155],"accuracy,":[156,160],"\u201chope/anxiety\u201d":[157],"77%":[159],"\u201canticipatory":[162],"joy\u201d":[163],"87%":[165],"accuracy":[166],"compared":[167],"self-reports":[170],"students.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}