{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783203430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2018.2793193","title":"Early Detection Prediction of Learning Outcomes in Online Short-Courses via Learning Behaviors","display_name":"Early Detection Prediction of Learning Outcomes in Online Short-Courses via Learning Behaviors","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783203430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2018.2793193","mag":"2783203430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2018.2793193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2018.2793193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373298","display_name":"Wei-Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8922-3988"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020399355","display_name":"Christopher G. Brinton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-3521"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher G. Brinton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078164599","display_name":"Da Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073334483","display_name":"Amanda Mason-Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-383X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Mason-Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoomi Inc., Malvern, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068914906","display_name":"Charlton Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-9529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlton Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110782105","display_name":"Mung Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-651X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mung Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100373298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97491993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"44","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7992589473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.7712652683258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7411315441131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6925471425056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5061344504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-analytics","display_name":"Predictive analytics","score":0.46343880891799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4480382800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.4399425983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.23023521900177002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7992589473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.7712652683258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7411315441131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6925471425056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5061344504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83209312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053367","display_name":"Predictive analytics","level":2,"score":0.46343880891799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4480382800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.4399425983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.23023521900177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2018.2793193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2018.2793193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18693259","https://openalex.org/W650350307","https://openalex.org/W1484777458","https://openalex.org/W1492355514","https://openalex.org/W1555267099","https://openalex.org/W1898103075","https://openalex.org/W1966165526","https://openalex.org/W1977948731","https://openalex.org/W2001797378","https://openalex.org/W2021601071","https://openalex.org/W2044415970","https://openalex.org/W2051963836","https://openalex.org/W2069992838","https://openalex.org/W2096735168","https://openalex.org/W2125916728","https://openalex.org/W2129909638","https://openalex.org/W2150364563","https://openalex.org/W2163644476","https://openalex.org/W2273136441","https://openalex.org/W2295164685","https://openalex.org/W2303127372","https://openalex.org/W2412453891","https://openalex.org/W2483136509","https://openalex.org/W2497192855","https://openalex.org/W2529456000","https://openalex.org/W2593821776","https://openalex.org/W2606500520","https://openalex.org/W2611285220","https://openalex.org/W2763298512","https://openalex.org/W3037176799","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600785249","https://openalex.org/W6621483976","https://openalex.org/W6674682913","https://openalex.org/W6696954711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559004430","https://openalex.org/W1485952063","https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W4379532240","https://openalex.org/W2953421802","https://openalex.org/W3034358594","https://openalex.org/W4205647111","https://openalex.org/W4207030494","https://openalex.org/W4225142412","https://openalex.org/W4213011574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,187],"study":[1],"learning":[2,72,86,122],"outcome":[3],"prediction":[4],"for":[5,65,197],"online":[6],"courses.":[7],"Whereas":[8],"prior":[9],"work":[10],"has":[11],"focused":[12],"on":[13,22,75,81,98],"semester-long":[14],"courses":[15,104],"with":[16,52,56,148],"frequent":[17],"student":[18],"assessments,":[19],"we":[20,110],"focus":[21],"short-courses":[23,125],"that":[24],"have":[25,159],"single":[26],"outcomes":[27,123],"assigned":[28],"by":[29],"instructors":[30],"at":[31],"the":[32,44,76,82,133,142,149,156,168,173,177,184],"end.":[33],"The":[34],"lack":[35],"of":[36,46,78,84,121,152],"performance":[37],"data":[38,99,117],"and":[39,55,90,154],"generally":[40],"small":[41],"enrollments":[42],"makes":[43],"behavior":[45],"learners,":[47],"captured":[48,100],"as":[49,183],"they":[50],"interact":[51],"course":[53],"content":[54,157],"one":[57],"another":[58],"in":[59,87,93,124,167],"Social":[60],"Learning":[61],"Networks":[62],"(SLN),":[63],"essential":[64],"prediction.":[66],"Our":[67],"method":[68,192],"defines":[69],"several":[70],"(machine)":[71],"features":[73,158,175],"based":[74],"processing":[77],"behaviors":[79],"collected":[80],"modes":[83],"(human)":[85],"a":[88],"course,":[89],"uses":[91],"them":[92],"appropriate":[94],"classifiers.":[95],"Through":[96],"evaluation":[97],"from":[101],"three":[102,112],"two-week":[103],"hosted":[105],"through":[106],"our":[107,191],"delivery":[108],"platforms,":[109],"make":[111],"key":[113],"observations:":[114],"(i)":[115],"behavioral":[116,195],"contains":[118],"signals":[119],"predictive":[120,179],"(with":[126,164],"classifiers":[127],"achieving":[128],"AUCs":[129],"\u2265":[130,146],"0.8":[131],"after":[132],"two":[134],"weeks),":[135],"(ii)":[136],"early":[137],"detection":[138,162],"is":[139],"possible":[140],"within":[141],"first":[143,150,169],"week":[144,151],"(AUCs":[145],"0.7":[147],"data),":[153],"(iii)":[155],"an":[160],"\u201cearliest\u201d":[161],"capability":[163],"higher":[165],"AUC":[166],"few":[170],"days),":[171],"while":[172],"SLN":[174],"become":[176],"more":[178],"set":[180],"over":[181],"time":[182],"network":[185],"matures.":[186],"also":[188],"discuss":[189],"how":[190],"can":[193],"generate":[194],"analytics":[196],"instructors.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}