{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2728376953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2017.2724031","title":"Active Learning Environments with Robotic Tangibles: Children's Physical and Virtual Spatial Programming Experiences","display_name":"Active Learning Environments with Robotic Tangibles: Children's Physical and Virtual Spatial Programming Experiences","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2728376953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2017.2724031","mag":"2728376953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2017.2724031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2017.2724031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026204480","display_name":"Winslow Burleson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1078"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Winslow S. Burleson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048420844","display_name":"Danielle B. Harlow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-7659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielle B. Harlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028255941","display_name":"Katherine Nilsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160856358","display_name":"University of San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbbze48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine J. Nilsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066044954","display_name":"Ken Perlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-4379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Perlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, NY, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, NY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049141840","display_name":"Natalie Freed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Freed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084366150","display_name":"Camilla N\u00f8rgaard Jensen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilla Norgaard Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014776470","display_name":"Byron Lahey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-2237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byron Lahey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063907340","display_name":"Patrick Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026476203","display_name":"Kasia M\u00fcldner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-5315"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasia Muldner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026204480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.053,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96731636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"96","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7026757001876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6393847465515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5525854229927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.529392421245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.48427027463912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.43932729959487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4346063733100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.43059810996055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4212339520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30262312293052673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026757001876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6393847465515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5525854229927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.529392421245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.48427027463912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.43932729959487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4346063733100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.43059810996055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4212339520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30262312293052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2017.2724031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2017.2724031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5048401","https://openalex.org/W26223311","https://openalex.org/W68670718","https://openalex.org/W117024368","https://openalex.org/W132518396","https://openalex.org/W140624466","https://openalex.org/W592216604","https://openalex.org/W1491787524","https://openalex.org/W1528027857","https://openalex.org/W1538395157","https://openalex.org/W1548107689","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1976785026","https://openalex.org/W1996067892","https://openalex.org/W1999198516","https://openalex.org/W2005681918","https://openalex.org/W2009390016","https://openalex.org/W2014072185","https://openalex.org/W2022770064","https://openalex.org/W2029656747","https://openalex.org/W2036041771","https://openalex.org/W2052583580","https://openalex.org/W2060259113","https://openalex.org/W2065463331","https://openalex.org/W2075435721","https://openalex.org/W2084568212","https://openalex.org/W2084875205","https://openalex.org/W2090323778","https://openalex.org/W2101753349","https://openalex.org/W2104279103","https://openalex.org/W2117198228","https://openalex.org/W2143632112","https://openalex.org/W2143927519","https://openalex.org/W2145768136","https://openalex.org/W2151622932","https://openalex.org/W2172161669","https://openalex.org/W2196854537","https://openalex.org/W2235267534","https://openalex.org/W2291350754","https://openalex.org/W2291784242","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2343187486","https://openalex.org/W2395366028","https://openalex.org/W2397386248","https://openalex.org/W2558984374","https://openalex.org/W2566851076","https://openalex.org/W2614615875","https://openalex.org/W2795728764","https://openalex.org/W2801549003","https://openalex.org/W4212764870","https://openalex.org/W4234905139","https://openalex.org/W4237976213","https://openalex.org/W6601028801","https://openalex.org/W6602852295","https://openalex.org/W6604772815","https://openalex.org/W6605607922","https://openalex.org/W6632238240","https://openalex.org/W6635229863","https://openalex.org/W6712201067","https://openalex.org/W6731141596","https://openalex.org/W6738033378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769482900","https://openalex.org/W3155803285","https://openalex.org/W2769928932","https://openalex.org/W3213086777","https://openalex.org/W2551768522","https://openalex.org/W2742379954","https://openalex.org/W3033687264","https://openalex.org/W4379876866","https://openalex.org/W2565189632","https://openalex.org/W1978829797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"computational":[1],"thinking":[2],"becomes":[3],"increasingly":[4],"important":[5],"for":[6,25,47,75,107],"children":[7,20,77],"to":[8,22,27,78],"learn,":[9],"we":[10],"must":[11],"develop":[12,28],"interfaces":[13],"that":[14,18,70,88,119],"leverage":[15],"the":[16,60,92],"ways":[17],"young":[19,76],"learn":[21],"provide":[23],"opportunities":[24,74,106],"them":[26],"these":[29,58],"skills.":[30],"Active":[31],"Learning":[32],"Environments":[33],"with":[34],"Robotic":[35],"Tangibles":[36],"(ALERT)":[37],"and":[38,65,85,95,99,127],"Robopad,":[39],"an":[40],"analogous":[41],"on-screen":[42],"virtual":[43],"spatial":[44,81,111],"programming":[45,112],"environment":[46],"educational":[48],"Human":[49],"Robot":[50],"Interaction":[51],"(HRI),":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"developed.":[55],"Evaluations":[56],"of":[57,62,117],"in":[59,80,97],"context":[61],"free":[63],"play":[64],"open-ended":[66],"learning":[67],"activities":[68,113],"show":[69],"both":[71],"systems":[72,103],"afford":[73],"engage":[79],"programming,":[82],"creating":[83],"improvisational":[84],"sequential":[86],"programs":[87],"mediate":[89],"interactions":[90],"between":[91],"environment,":[93],"robots,":[94],"humans":[96],"responsive":[98],"creative":[100],"ways.":[101],"These":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"innovative":[105],"advancing":[108],"mixed":[109],"reality":[110],"as":[114],"a":[115],"form":[116],"HRI":[118],"fosters":[120],"engaging":[121],"seamless":[122],"cyberlearning":[123],"experiences,":[124],"across":[125],"formal":[126],"informal":[128],"environments.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
