{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981976566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","title":"Learning about Social Learning in MOOCs: From Statistical Analysis to Generative Model","display_name":"Learning about Social Learning in MOOCs: From Statistical Analysis to Generative Model","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981976566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","mag":"1981976566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4620076/6994335/06851916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4620076/6994335/06851916.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020399355","display_name":"Christopher G. Brinton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-3521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher G. Brinton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110782105","display_name":"Mung Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-651X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mung Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101480173","display_name":"Shaili Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-6169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108985","display_name":"Bellevue Hospital Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01ky34z31","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283621791","https://openalex.org/I4210086933","https://openalex.org/I4210108985"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaili Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft, Bellevue, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft, Bellevue, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210108985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010704175","display_name":"Henry Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-0364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Boston University, Boston, MA","[Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Boston University, Boston, MA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Boston University, Boston, MA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049692186","display_name":"Zhenming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-4015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038963280","display_name":"Felix Ming Fai Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Ming Fai Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020399355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":48.9615,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":237,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99863979,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"346","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7947157621383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.759192943572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5804414749145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4960561692714691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.49264079332351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.47248926758766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.46960386633872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.4448089897632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4303949177265167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4220467805862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.41225606203079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3537205159664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.346986323595047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7947157621383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.759192943572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5804414749145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4960561692714691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.49264079332351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.47248926758766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.46960386633872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.4448089897632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4303949177265167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4220467805862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.41225606203079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3537205159664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.346986323595047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4620076/6994335/06851916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2014.2337900","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4620076/6994335/06851916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309292","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981976566.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981976566.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W328766226","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1542929703","https://openalex.org/W1574862351","https://openalex.org/W1704253590","https://openalex.org/W1814023381","https://openalex.org/W1980926885","https://openalex.org/W1982428762","https://openalex.org/W1989993068","https://openalex.org/W2005880885","https://openalex.org/W2012265254","https://openalex.org/W2025895610","https://openalex.org/W2029314852","https://openalex.org/W2039467412","https://openalex.org/W2050791284","https://openalex.org/W2059121683","https://openalex.org/W2098446347","https://openalex.org/W2103976780","https://openalex.org/W2108224345","https://openalex.org/W2124810512","https://openalex.org/W2126104150","https://openalex.org/W2127849236","https://openalex.org/W2129251351","https://openalex.org/W2132613313","https://openalex.org/W2134406267","https://openalex.org/W2137750240","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2147214166","https://openalex.org/W2155151219","https://openalex.org/W2183702177","https://openalex.org/W2950514271","https://openalex.org/W3020395673","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4254615932","https://openalex.org/W6632725283","https://openalex.org/W6634328381","https://openalex.org/W6638399519","https://openalex.org/W6657078695","https://openalex.org/W6680285755","https://openalex.org/W6681738140","https://openalex.org/W6776587316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W3014948380","https://openalex.org/W4380551139","https://openalex.org/W2280377497","https://openalex.org/W4387506531","https://openalex.org/W3174044702","https://openalex.org/W4238433571","https://openalex.org/W2967848559","https://openalex.org/W4283803360","https://openalex.org/W4317695495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,194],"study":[1],"user":[2],"behavior":[3],"in":[4,174,182],"the":[5,18,66,73,76,87,126,154,169,175,183,191,202],"courses":[6,88],"offered":[7],"by":[8],"a":[9,26,106,163,197],"major":[10],"massive":[11],"online":[12,38],"open":[13],"course":[14,64],"(MOOC)":[15],"provider":[16],"during":[17],"summer":[19],"of":[20,29,52,68,75,86,109,128,165],"2013.":[21],"Since":[22],"social":[23],"learning":[24],"is":[25,35,44,177,227],"key":[27],"element":[28],"scalable":[30],"education":[31],"on":[32,45,130],"MOOC":[33,131],"and":[34,133,141,161,214],"done":[36],"via":[37],"discussion":[39,69,184,203],"forums,":[40,132],"our":[41,56,117,225],"main":[42],"focus":[43],"understanding":[46],"forum":[47,155],"activities.":[48],"Two":[49],"salient":[50],"features":[51],"these":[53,110],"activities":[54],"drive":[55],"research:":[57],"(1)":[58],"high":[59],"decline":[60,127,192],"rate:":[61],"for":[62,97,167,201,220],"each":[63],"studied,":[65],"volume":[67,185],"declined":[70],"continuously":[71],"throughout":[72],"duration":[74],"course;":[77],"(2)":[78],"high-volume,":[79],"noisy":[80],"discussions:":[81],"at":[82,92],"least":[83],"30":[84],"percent":[85],"produced":[89],"new":[90],"threads":[91,140],"rates":[93],"that":[94,122],"are":[95,112,123],"infeasible":[96],"students":[98],"or":[99],"teaching":[100,170],"staff":[101],"to":[102,138,152,209,215],"read":[103],"through.":[104],"Further,":[105,224],"substantial":[107],"portion":[108],"discussions":[111,176],"not":[113,188],"directly":[114],"course-related.":[115],"In":[116],"analysis,":[118],"we":[119,134,146],"investigate":[120],"factors":[121],"associated":[124],"with":[125,179],"activity":[129,156],"find":[135],"effective":[136,218],"strategies":[137],"classify":[139],"rank":[142],"their":[143],"relevance.":[144,223],"Specifically,":[145],"first":[147],"use":[148],"linear":[149],"regression":[150],"models":[151],"analyze":[153],"count":[157],"data":[158],"over":[159],"time,":[160],"make":[162],"number":[164],"observations;":[166],"instance,":[168],"staff's":[171],"active":[172],"participation":[173],"correlated":[178],"an":[180,217],"increase":[181],"but":[186],"does":[187],"slow":[189],"down":[190],"rate.":[193],"then":[195],"propose":[196],"unified":[198],"generative":[199],"model":[200],"threads,":[204],"which":[205],"allows":[206],"us":[207],"both":[208],"choose":[210],"efficient":[211],"thread":[212,222],"classifiers":[213],"design":[216],"algorithm":[219,226],"ranking":[221],"compared":[228],"against":[229],"two":[230],"baselines":[231],"using":[232],"human":[233],"evaluation":[234],"from":[235],"Amazon":[236],"Mechanical":[237],"Turk.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}