{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140614103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","title":"STeP-Diff: Spatio-Temporal Physics-Informed Diffusion Models for Mobile Fine-Grained Pollution Forecasting","display_name":"STeP-Diff: Spatio-Temporal Physics-Informed Diffusion Models for Mobile Fine-Grained Pollution Forecasting","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140614103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113428680","display_name":"Nan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2865-3954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100713018","display_name":"Wei Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089559","display_name":"Shenzhen Metro (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/008hpge95","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Smart City Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Smart City Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034129532","display_name":"Huandong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-0861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huandong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-0861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121482100","display_name":"Jianfeng Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089559","display_name":"Shenzhen Metro (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/008hpge95","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Smart City Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Smart City Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065355730","display_name":"Q. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-8508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130700825","display_name":"Yali Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yali Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Soil and Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Soil and Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130717538","display_name":"Xiao-Ping Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130646972","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-1659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016095713","display_name":"Xinlei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-5023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-5023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94474503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"6","first_page":"3945","last_page":"3960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.18320000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.09849999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution","display_name":"Pollution","score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-models","display_name":"Numerical models","score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.31869998574256897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986605239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Numerical models","level":3,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3678084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8098761439323425}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3502297661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971402834","https://openalex.org/W2014204660","https://openalex.org/W2113769878","https://openalex.org/W2141039137","https://openalex.org/W2156688520","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2767894694","https://openalex.org/W2773299837","https://openalex.org/W2899094839","https://openalex.org/W2979786244","https://openalex.org/W3034690373","https://openalex.org/W3042557051","https://openalex.org/W3097247253","https://openalex.org/W3117940150","https://openalex.org/W3133294546","https://openalex.org/W4206507141","https://openalex.org/W4211232841","https://openalex.org/W4220822815","https://openalex.org/W4220987514","https://openalex.org/W4242123468","https://openalex.org/W4315778283","https://openalex.org/W4318978575","https://openalex.org/W4367016821","https://openalex.org/W4382316621","https://openalex.org/W4382318973","https://openalex.org/W4385147232","https://openalex.org/W4388755205","https://openalex.org/W4388936714","https://openalex.org/W4391987728","https://openalex.org/W4392866731","https://openalex.org/W4399324146","https://openalex.org/W4401508040","https://openalex.org/W4401857089","https://openalex.org/W4402508456","https://openalex.org/W4404688104","https://openalex.org/W4407319330","https://openalex.org/W4407937112","https://openalex.org/W4408951700","https://openalex.org/W4409356457","https://openalex.org/W4410068177","https://openalex.org/W4410897142","https://openalex.org/W4412889658","https://openalex.org/W4415800802","https://openalex.org/W7151880313"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fine-grained":[0],"air":[1,167,205],"pollution":[2,142,168,206],"forecasting":[3],"is":[4],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,162],"urban":[7],"management":[8],"and":[9,24,30,40,56,109,135,189],"the":[10,38,49,65,91,104,117,123,138,146,149,172,201],"development":[11],"of":[12,44,68,94,148,180],"healthy":[13],"buildings.":[14],"Deploying":[15],"portable":[16,155],"sensors":[17],"on":[18],"mobile":[19,47],"platforms":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22],"cars":[23],"buses":[25],"offers":[26],"a":[27,98,113],"low-cost,":[28],"easy-to-maintain,":[29],"wide-coverage":[31],"data":[32,52],"collection":[33],"solution.":[34],"However,":[35],"due":[36],"to":[37,89,102,122,165,171,182],"random":[39],"uncontrollable":[41],"movement":[42],"patterns":[43,63],"these":[45],"non-dedicated":[46],"platforms,":[48],"resulting":[50],"sensor":[51],"are":[53,129],"often":[54],"incomplete":[55,108],"temporally":[57],"inconsistent.":[58],"By":[59],"exploring":[60],"potential":[61],"training":[62],"in":[64,132,158,184,187,191,204],"reverse":[66],"process":[67,119],"diffusion":[69,100],"models,":[70],"we":[71,151],"propose":[72],"<underline":[73,78,81],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[74,76,79,82],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">S</u>patio-<underline":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Te</u>mporal":[77],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">P</u>hysics-Informed":[80],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Diff</u>usion":[83],"Models":[84],"(STeP-Diff).":[85],"STeP-Diff":[86,198],"leverages":[87],"DeepONet":[88],"model":[90,101,177],"spatial":[92],"sequence":[93],"measurements":[95,134],"along":[96],"with":[97,137,193],"PDE-informed":[99],"forecast":[103],"spatio-temporal":[105,202],"field":[106],"from":[107],"time-varying":[110],"data.":[111,169],"Through":[112],"PDE-constrained":[114],"regularization":[115],"framework,":[116],"denoising":[118],"asymptotically":[120],"converges":[121],"convection-diffusion":[124],"dynamics,":[125],"ensuring":[126],"that":[127,197],"predictions":[128],"both":[130],"grounded":[131],"real-world":[133],"aligned":[136],"fundamental":[139],"physics":[140],"governing":[141],"dispersion.":[143],"To":[144],"assess":[145],"performance":[147],"system,":[150],"deployed":[152],"59":[153],"self-designed":[154],"sensing":[156],"devices":[157],"two":[159],"cities,":[160],"operating":[161],"14":[163],"days":[164],"collect":[166],"Compared":[170],"second-best":[173],"performing":[174],"algorithm,":[175],"our":[176],"achieved":[178],"improvements":[179],"up":[181],"89.12%":[183],"MAE,":[185],"82.30%":[186],"RMSE,":[188],"25.00%":[190],"MAPE,":[192],"extensive":[194],"evaluations":[195],"demonstrating":[196],"effectively":[199],"captures":[200],"dependencies":[203],"fields.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T06:04:25.777469","created_date":"2026-03-27T00:00:00"}