{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134977036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3672824","title":"Fast Spectral Clustering via Pseudo-Label-Based Granular-Ball Division for Large-Scale Data","display_name":"Fast Spectral Clustering via Pseudo-Label-Based Granular-Ball Division for Large-Scale Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134977036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3672824"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2026.3672824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3672824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dongdong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-5461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32377083","display_name":"Yangtze Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v8v7d33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cloud-Edge Collaboration and Security for Intelligent Manufacturing, Chongqing College of Industrial Internet, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-5461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cloud-Edge Collaboration and Security for Intelligent Manufacturing, Chongqing College of Industrial Internet, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32377083","https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030064316","display_name":"Xiaocui Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaocui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing College of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4195-129X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing College of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128767195","display_name":"Shuyin Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyin Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing College of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5993-9563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing College of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125356098","display_name":"Guoyin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoyin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Cognitive Computing and Educational Rehabilitation for Children with Special Needs, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8521-5232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Cognitive Computing and Educational Rehabilitation for Children with Special Needs, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003432793","display_name":"Jinlong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-4328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32377083","display_name":"Yangtze Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v8v7d33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cloud-Edge Collaboration and Security for Intelligent Manufacturing, Chongqing College of Industrial Internet, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-4328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cloud-Edge Collaboration and Security for Intelligent Manufacturing, Chongqing College of Industrial Internet, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32377083","https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128767749","display_name":"Sulan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32377083","display_name":"Yangtze Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v8v7d33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cloud-Edge Collaboration and Security for Intelligent Manufacturing, Chongqing College of Industrial Internet, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-375X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cloud-Edge Collaboration and Security for Intelligent Manufacturing, Chongqing College of Industrial Internet, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32377083","https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-7232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136169","display_name":"Chongqing Construction Engineering Investment Holding (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04f63ne57","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Ant Consumer Finance Company, Ltd., Ant Group, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-7232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Ant Consumer Finance Company, Ltd., Ant Group, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24515039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"2807","last_page":"2817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.7749999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.7749999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.08560000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8245000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-clustering","display_name":"Spectral clustering","score":0.7394000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-clustering","display_name":"Data stream clustering","score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cure-data-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-clustering","display_name":"Correlation clustering","score":0.5382000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-linkage-clustering","display_name":"Single-linkage clustering","score":0.444599986076355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8245000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105611402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976589","display_name":"Spectral clustering","level":3,"score":0.7394000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227360","display_name":"Data stream clustering","level":5,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33704608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014717","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.5382000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22648726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523744","display_name":"Single-linkage clustering","level":5,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184509293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136711","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","level":3,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778740170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575210","display_name":"Spectral space","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27964816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164359","display_name":"Constrained clustering","level":5,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2026.3672824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2026.3672824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2415579246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62450043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3143729457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3453920714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3584861722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4320008922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0196","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4996436466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6161333088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6590329755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2023NSCQMSX0036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8629480464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"spectral":[1,83,148],"clustering":[2,22,84,149,155],"is":[3,137,150,177],"capable":[4],"of":[5,8,113],"identifying":[6],"clusters":[7],"arbitrary":[9],"shapes,":[10],"its":[11],"high":[12],"time":[13,41],"and":[14,42,58,79,121,143,146,168],"space":[15,43],"complexity":[16],"poses":[17],"limitations":[18],"in":[19,61],"large-scale":[20,87,172],"data":[21,56],"applications.":[23],"To":[24,63],"tackle":[25],"this":[26],"problem,":[27],"researchers":[28],"have":[29],"proposed":[30,163],"using":[31],"anchor":[32,50,67,75,132,144],"points":[33,51,68,76,97,106,142],"to":[34,107,130,152],"construct":[35],"the":[36,55,111,114,154],"similarity":[37,135],"matrix,":[38],"thereby":[39],"reducing":[40],"complexity.":[44],"However,":[45],"current":[46],"methods":[47],"for":[48,86],"generating":[49],"do":[52],"not":[53],"fit":[54],"well":[57],"are":[59],"limited":[60],"approach.":[62],"improve":[64],"upon":[65],"existing":[66],"generation":[69,77],"methods,":[70],"we":[71],"proposes":[72],"a":[73,81],"pseudo-label-based":[74],"approach":[78],"develops":[80],"fast":[82],"algorithm":[85,92,164],"data,":[88],"named":[89],"FSC-PLGB.":[90],"The":[91,157,174],"first":[93],"randomly":[94],"selects":[95],"r":[96],"as":[98],"an":[99],"initial":[100],"granular-ball,":[101],"applies":[102],"K-Means":[103],"on":[104,117,127,171],"these":[105,118,128],"obtain":[108,153],"pseudo-labels,":[109],"calculates":[110],"pseudo-purity":[112,129],"granular-ball":[115,124],"based":[116,126],"pseudo":[119],"labels,":[120],"then":[122],"performs":[123],"division":[125],"generate":[131],"points.":[133],"A":[134],"matrix":[136],"constructed":[138],"between":[139],"all":[140],"sample":[141],"points,":[145],"finally,":[147],"applied":[151],"results.":[156],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"that":[161],"our":[162],"exhibits":[165],"exceptional":[166],"efficiency":[167],"significant":[169],"superiority":[170],"datasets.":[173],"source":[175],"code":[176],"available":[178],"at":[179],"https://github.com/DongdongCheng/FSC-PLGB.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T06:13:24.991567","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}
