{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407155065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2025.3537832","title":"Large-Scale Hierarchical Causal Discovery via Weak Prior Knowledge","display_name":"Large-Scale Hierarchical Causal Discovery via Weak Prior Knowledge","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407155065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2025.3537832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2025.3537832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2025.3537832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiangyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-5982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018247255","display_name":"Taiyu Ban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiyu Ban","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-7528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068247018","display_name":"Lyuzhou Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-027X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyuzhou Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-027X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023827501","display_name":"Derui Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-6013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derui Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-6013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111301653","display_name":"Qinrui Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinrui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111896549","display_name":"Huanhuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-384X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanhuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-384X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":55.2789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99849676,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"5","first_page":"2695","last_page":"2711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7427494525909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.5341965556144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4977841377258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4207160472869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39063066244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3203888237476349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7427494525909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.5341965556144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4977841377258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4207160472869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39063066244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3203888237476349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2025.3537832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2025.3537832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1577705028","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2408085QF195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4896784468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62137002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5346610114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7100040171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202104a05020011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336578","funder_display_name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9344464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336578","display_name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485345801","https://openalex.org/W1965315715","https://openalex.org/W1970687027","https://openalex.org/W1978118491","https://openalex.org/W1981696983","https://openalex.org/W2005625770","https://openalex.org/W2039742447","https://openalex.org/W2053775054","https://openalex.org/W2073307618","https://openalex.org/W2116289830","https://openalex.org/W2116828722","https://openalex.org/W2118680859","https://openalex.org/W2126151607","https://openalex.org/W2159985326","https://openalex.org/W2172238468","https://openalex.org/W2325061985","https://openalex.org/W2519198042","https://openalex.org/W2579902536","https://openalex.org/W2905213372","https://openalex.org/W2912826796","https://openalex.org/W2963058055","https://openalex.org/W2963583112","https://openalex.org/W2979638007","https://openalex.org/W3012135229","https://openalex.org/W3049502481","https://openalex.org/W3086151326","https://openalex.org/W3139128274","https://openalex.org/W4302423442","https://openalex.org/W4367692219","https://openalex.org/W4382202856","https://openalex.org/W4386240783","https://openalex.org/W4389764468","https://openalex.org/W4390188159","https://openalex.org/W4390806447","https://openalex.org/W4393977326","https://openalex.org/W4396815229","https://openalex.org/W4401181004","https://openalex.org/W4403582426","https://openalex.org/W6634570623","https://openalex.org/W6634970726","https://openalex.org/W6636824657","https://openalex.org/W6637205375","https://openalex.org/W6639622638","https://openalex.org/W6640510227","https://openalex.org/W6677699656","https://openalex.org/W6683167872","https://openalex.org/W6683821031","https://openalex.org/W6684930477","https://openalex.org/W6736766680","https://openalex.org/W6754506371","https://openalex.org/W6756087004","https://openalex.org/W6761683107","https://openalex.org/W6780315634","https://openalex.org/W6849072325","https://openalex.org/W6853449782","https://openalex.org/W6854151963","https://openalex.org/W6858047854","https://openalex.org/W6861057980","https://openalex.org/W6861486358","https://openalex.org/W6861488063","https://openalex.org/W6862183416","https://openalex.org/W6862664754","https://openalex.org/W6866777294","https://openalex.org/W6869352286","https://openalex.org/W6869423010","https://openalex.org/W6873260395","https://openalex.org/W7008392116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188962172","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W4312825515","https://openalex.org/W4306742369","https://openalex.org/W4303457083","https://openalex.org/W93075631","https://openalex.org/W3005434123","https://openalex.org/W2599205313","https://openalex.org/W2076251662","https://openalex.org/W4231842067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Causal":[0],"discovery":[1,209],"faces":[2],"significant":[3],"challenges":[4],"as":[5],"the":[6,13,61,112,124,128,152,159,171,182,198],"number":[7,14],"of":[8,15,27,114,155,161],"hypotheses":[9],"grows":[10],"exponentially":[11],"with":[12,24],"variables.":[16,28],"This":[17,109],"complexity":[18],"becomes":[19],"particularly":[20],"daunting":[21],"when":[22],"dealing":[23],"large":[25],"sets":[26],"We":[29],"introduce":[30],"a":[31,81,87,97,133],"novel":[32,175],"divide-and-conquer":[33],"method":[34,76],"that":[35],"uniquely":[36],"handles":[37],"this":[38,78,174],"challenge.":[39],"The":[40,74],"existing":[41,207],"division":[42,72,83],"strategies":[43],"often":[44],"rely":[45],"on":[46,193],"conditional":[47],"independency":[48],"(CI)":[49],"tests":[50],"or":[51],"data-driven":[52],"clustering":[53],"to":[54,70,102,137,157,206],"split":[55],"variables,":[56],"which":[57,85,148],"can":[58],"suffer":[59],"from":[60],"typical":[62],"data":[63,115],"scarcity":[64],"in":[65,123,146,151,188],"large-scale":[66,195],"settings,":[67],"thus":[68],"leading":[69],"inaccurate":[71],"results.":[73],"proposed":[75,199],"overcomes":[77],"by":[79,91,143],"implementing":[80],"data-independent":[82],"strategy,":[84],"constructs":[86],"prior":[88,125],"structure,":[89],"informed":[90],"potential":[92,121],"causal":[93,140,208],"relationships":[94],"identified":[95],"using":[96],"Large":[98],"Language":[99],"Model":[100],"(LLM),":[101],"guide":[103],"recursively":[104],"dividing":[105],"variables":[106,145],"into":[107],"sub-sets.":[108],"approach":[110,177],"avoids":[111],"impact":[113],"insufficiency":[116],"and":[117,168,203],"is":[118],"robust":[119],"against":[120],"incompleteness":[122],"structure.":[126],"In":[127],"merging":[129,176,186],"phase,":[130],"we":[131],"adopt":[132],"score-based":[134],"refinement":[135],"strategy":[136,187],"address":[138],"fake":[139],"links":[141],"caused":[142],"hidden":[144],"sub-sets,":[147],"eliminates":[149],"edges":[150],"intersected":[153],"parts":[154],"sub-sets":[156],"optimize":[158],"score":[160],"local":[162],"structures.":[163],"While":[164],"maintaining":[165],"both":[166],"correctness":[167],"completeness":[169],"under":[170],"faithfulness":[172],"assumption,":[173],"demonstrates":[178],"enhanced":[179],"performance":[180],"than":[181],"conventional":[183],"CI-test":[184],"based":[185],"practical":[189],"scenarios.":[190],"Empirical":[191],"evaluations":[192],"various":[194],"datasets":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"approach's":[200],"superior":[201],"accuracy":[202],"efficiency":[204],"compared":[205],"methods.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}