{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405022419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3510734","title":"Sequential Causal Effect Estimation by Jointly Modeling the Unmeasured Confounders and Instrumental Variables","display_name":"Sequential Causal Effect Estimation by Jointly Modeling the Unmeasured Confounders and Instrumental Variables","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405022419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3510734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3510734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3510734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087242567","display_name":"Zexu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-6242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zexu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-6242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079956921","display_name":"Bowei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-2950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-2950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101919635","display_name":"Shiqi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5442-2121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wechat, Tencent, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wechat, Tencent, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424172","display_name":"Zhipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-1583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wechat, Tencent, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wechat, Tencent, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102987731","display_name":"Zhi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1850-3848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wechat, Tencent, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wechat, Tencent, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410908","display_name":"Chen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-9813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-9813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406572","display_name":"Qi Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9192-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9192-8928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101755392","display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-1775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-1775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087242567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84646363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"910","last_page":"922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.8841999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.8841999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-variable","display_name":"Instrumental variable","score":0.8164023756980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7270708084106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.6414436101913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.5619445443153381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4589357078075409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.4313706159591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4192861318588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.4191967248916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2799784541130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2193935215473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1975371241569519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.8164023756980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7270708084106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.6414436101913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.5619445443153381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4589357078075409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4313706159591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4192861318588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.4191967248916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2799784541130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2193935215473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1975371241569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3510734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3510734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-162285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-162285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G639102501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516659296","https://openalex.org/W1622753297","https://openalex.org/W2039240409","https://openalex.org/W2064903582","https://openalex.org/W2111078766","https://openalex.org/W2113699335","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2159399209","https://openalex.org/W2166303835","https://openalex.org/W2208550830","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2324862792","https://openalex.org/W2585690194","https://openalex.org/W2803072880","https://openalex.org/W2806899908","https://openalex.org/W2808972545","https://openalex.org/W2971513809","https://openalex.org/W2983831776","https://openalex.org/W3048742138","https://openalex.org/W3123081692","https://openalex.org/W3187851437","https://openalex.org/W3201104188","https://openalex.org/W4224313077","https://openalex.org/W4250375351","https://openalex.org/W4382239660","https://openalex.org/W6711306941","https://openalex.org/W6729580568","https://openalex.org/W6745482970","https://openalex.org/W6751823188","https://openalex.org/W6754454322","https://openalex.org/W6755223120","https://openalex.org/W6758970741","https://openalex.org/W6762568595","https://openalex.org/W6767675564","https://openalex.org/W6772007923","https://openalex.org/W6772576770","https://openalex.org/W6772726000","https://openalex.org/W6776327198","https://openalex.org/W6779459370","https://openalex.org/W6779748393","https://openalex.org/W6783399553","https://openalex.org/W6803015896","https://openalex.org/W6839525516","https://openalex.org/W6844194202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2513780474","https://openalex.org/W2051418878","https://openalex.org/W2077373489","https://openalex.org/W1594405807","https://openalex.org/W3121554743","https://openalex.org/W200382472","https://openalex.org/W2127065386","https://openalex.org/W1578152076","https://openalex.org/W2146050890","https://openalex.org/W2122231514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sequential":[0],"causal":[1,31,131,190],"effect":[2],"estimation":[3],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"attracted":[6],"increasing":[7],"attention":[8],"from":[9,154],"research":[10],"and":[11,47,139,159,192,202],"industry.":[12],"While":[13],"the":[14,30,44,61,64,69,89,111,136,145,155,171,181,207],"existing":[15,76],"models":[16,27,77],"have":[17],"achieved":[18],"many":[19,24],"successes,":[20],"there":[21,37],"are":[22,38],"still":[23],"limitations.":[25],"Existing":[26],"usually":[28],"assume":[29],"graphs":[32],"to":[33,57,175,205],"be":[34,149],"sufficient,":[35],"i.e.,":[36],"no":[39],"latent":[40],"factors,":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43],"unmeasured":[45,137],"confounders":[46,138],"instrumental":[48,140],"variables.":[49,141],"However,":[50],"in":[51,63,92,170],"real-world":[52,203],"scenarios,":[53],"it":[54],"is":[55],"hard":[56],"record":[58],"all":[59],"of":[60,209],"factors":[62],"observational":[65],"data,":[66],"which":[67],"makes":[68],"causally":[70],"sufficient":[71],"assumptions":[72],"not":[73],"hold.":[74],"Moreover,":[75],"mainly":[78],"focus":[79],"on":[80,199],"discrete":[81],"treatments":[82],"rather":[83],"than":[84],"continuous":[85,172],"ones.":[86],"To":[87],"alleviate":[88],"above":[90,182],"problems,":[91],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95,127,143,166,184,195],"propose":[96,161],"a":[97,129],"novel":[98],"<bold":[99,102,105,112,115,119],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[100,103,106,113,116,120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C</b>ontinous":[101],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C</b>ausal":[104],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">M</b>odel":[107],"by":[108,133],"explicitly":[109],"capturing":[110],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">L</b>atent":[114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">F</b>actors":[117],"(called":[118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C<inline-formula><tex-math":[121],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{2}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic":[122],"xlink:href=\"sun-ieq1-3510734.gif\"/></alternatives></inline-formula>M-LF</b>":[123],"for":[124],"short).":[125],"Specifically,":[126],"define":[128],"sequential":[130],"graph":[132],"simultaneously":[134],"considering":[135],"Second,":[142],"describe":[144],"independence":[146],"that":[147],"should":[148],"satisfied":[150],"among":[151],"different":[152,168],"variables":[153],"mutual":[156],"information":[157],"perspective":[158],"further":[160],"our":[162,177,188,210],"learning":[163],"objective.":[164],"Then,":[165],"reweight":[167],"samples":[169],"treatment":[173],"space":[174],"optimize":[176],"model":[178],"unbiasedly.":[179],"Beyond":[180],"designs,":[183],"also":[185],"theoretically":[186],"analyze":[187],"model\u2019s":[189],"identifiability":[191],"unbiasedness.":[193],"Finally,":[194],"conduct":[196],"extensive":[197],"experiments":[198],"both":[200],"simulation":[201],"datasets":[204],"demonstrate":[206],"effectiveness":[208],"proposed":[211],"model.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}