{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403600985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3484461","title":"CausalFormer: An Interpretable Transformer for Temporal Causal Discovery","display_name":"CausalFormer: An Interpretable Transformer for Temporal Causal Discovery","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403600985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3484461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3484461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3484461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101386253","display_name":"Lingbai Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingbai Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023712282","display_name":"Wengen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wengen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012864002","display_name":"Hanchen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanchen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625408","display_name":"Yichao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-4733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086316879","display_name":"Jihong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017862559","display_name":"Shuigeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-2768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuigeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101386253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97137926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"102","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7615079879760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4478517472743988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42832961678504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.41202178597450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.4116946756839752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09486529231071472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7615079879760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4478517472743988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42832961678504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.41202178597450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.4116946756839752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09486529231071472}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3484461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3484461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2335990779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7498120828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1975062332","https://openalex.org/W1987757667","https://openalex.org/W2129918244","https://openalex.org/W2138905229","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2593118993","https://openalex.org/W2769506033","https://openalex.org/W2908623803","https://openalex.org/W2944088722","https://openalex.org/W2947626232","https://openalex.org/W2979185378","https://openalex.org/W3000120900","https://openalex.org/W3030364939","https://openalex.org/W3116637551","https://openalex.org/W3133777397","https://openalex.org/W3133932964","https://openalex.org/W3154435685","https://openalex.org/W3160537436","https://openalex.org/W3176196997","https://openalex.org/W3194668998","https://openalex.org/W3217360279","https://openalex.org/W4214698730","https://openalex.org/W4283696141","https://openalex.org/W4304098891","https://openalex.org/W4313194958","https://openalex.org/W4323926444","https://openalex.org/W4381827695","https://openalex.org/W4385484693","https://openalex.org/W4385568375","https://openalex.org/W4386897466","https://openalex.org/W4390494796","https://openalex.org/W4391973117","https://openalex.org/W4394951283","https://openalex.org/W6635398802","https://openalex.org/W6680271190","https://openalex.org/W6758495920","https://openalex.org/W6767288045","https://openalex.org/W6773860202","https://openalex.org/W6794534400","https://openalex.org/W6809921808","https://openalex.org/W6810487907","https://openalex.org/W6846226245","https://openalex.org/W6848689973","https://openalex.org/W6849861195","https://openalex.org/W6852510710","https://openalex.org/W6858358934","https://openalex.org/W6870358825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temporal":[0],"causal":[1,11,20,40,92,106,113,134,148,188,194],"discovery":[2,21,114],"is":[3,61],"a":[4,141],"crucial":[5],"task":[6,143],"aimed":[7],"at":[8],"uncovering":[9],"the":[10,33,44,50,67,71,77,96,99,121,125,133,145,157,161,166,171,175,180,193,204],"relations":[12,41,189],"within":[13],"time":[14,36,137,154],"series":[15,138,155],"data.":[16],"The":[17,129],"latest":[18],"temporal":[19,105,158,162,211],"methods":[22],"usually":[23],"train":[24],"deep":[25,101],"learning":[26,102],"models":[27,103],"on":[28,197,209],"prediction":[29,142],"tasks":[30],"to":[31,70,75,185],"uncover":[32],"causality":[34,72,127,168],"between":[35],"series.":[37],"They":[38],"capture":[39],"by":[42],"analyzing":[43],"parameters":[45,69],"of":[46,49,98,120,136,174,207],"some":[47],"components":[48],"trained":[51,176],"models,":[52],"e.g.,":[53,80],"attention":[54],"weights":[55],"and":[56,73,84,124,190,200],"convolution":[57,149],"weights.":[58],"However,":[59],"this":[60],"an":[62,110],"incomplete":[63],"mapping":[64],"process":[65],"from":[66],"model":[68,115],"fails":[74],"investigate":[76],"other":[78],"components,":[79],"fully":[81],"connected":[82],"layers":[83],"activation":[85],"functions,":[86],"that":[87],"are":[88],"also":[89],"significant":[90],"for":[91],"discovery.":[93],"To":[94],"facilitate":[95],"utilization":[97],"whole":[100],"in":[104],"discovery,":[107],"we":[108],"proposed":[109,181],"interpretable":[111],"transformer-based":[112],"termed":[116],"CausalFormer,":[117],"which":[118,150],"consists":[119],"causality-aware":[122,130,177],"transformer":[123,131,178],"decomposition-based":[126,167],"detector.":[128],"learns":[132],"representation":[135],"data":[139],"using":[140],"with":[144,179],"designed":[146],"multi-kernel":[147],"aggregates":[151],"each":[152],"input":[153],"along":[156],"dimension":[159],"under":[160],"priority":[163],"constraint.":[164],"Then,":[165],"detector":[169],"interprets":[170],"global":[172],"structure":[173],"regression":[182],"relevance":[183],"propagation":[184],"identify":[186],"potential":[187],"finally":[191],"construct":[192],"graph.":[195],"Experiments":[196],"synthetic,":[198],"simulated,":[199],"real":[201],"datasets":[202],"demonstrate":[203],"state-of-the-art":[205],"performance":[206],"CausalFormer":[208],"discovering":[210],"causality.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}