{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393405352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3380750","title":"Black-Box Adversarial Attack on Graph Neural Networks With Node Voting Mechanism","display_name":"Black-Box Adversarial Attack on Graph Neural Networks With Node Voting Mechanism","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393405352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3380750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3380750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3380750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025753001","display_name":"Liangliang Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1937-9183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liangliang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106626932","display_name":"Jiye Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiye Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085483879","display_name":"Kaixuan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-8532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaixuan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404740","display_name":"Zhiqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025753001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91576887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"10","first_page":"5025","last_page":"5038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.900600016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7121160626411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.634590208530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5902213454246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5505958199501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.53401118516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4810371696949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42338934540748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3908175230026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30432528257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.23224058747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12772995233535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09836289286613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.050515592098236084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7121160626411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.634590208530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5902213454246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5505958199501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.53401118516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4810371696949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42338934540748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3908175230026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30432528257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.23224058747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12772995233535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09836289286613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.050515592098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3380750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3380750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4258773358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4360054980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6034563729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6827402392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0106102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970913835","https://openalex.org/W1992250165","https://openalex.org/W2056944867","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2066636486","https://openalex.org/W2089125183","https://openalex.org/W2133131640","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2171707538","https://openalex.org/W2355856605","https://openalex.org/W2906645817","https://openalex.org/W2908442265","https://openalex.org/W2911320424","https://openalex.org/W2914953695","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964583308","https://openalex.org/W2964971928","https://openalex.org/W2966149470","https://openalex.org/W2984488829","https://openalex.org/W2997404190","https://openalex.org/W2999048524","https://openalex.org/W3084640753","https://openalex.org/W3124962940","https://openalex.org/W3160274714","https://openalex.org/W3170955759","https://openalex.org/W3175511223","https://openalex.org/W3196002652","https://openalex.org/W3196895914","https://openalex.org/W3198493423","https://openalex.org/W4225773884","https://openalex.org/W4313398420","https://openalex.org/W4364353329","https://openalex.org/W4382202967","https://openalex.org/W6699364125","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6740217080","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6746313456","https://openalex.org/W6751569023","https://openalex.org/W6752110883","https://openalex.org/W6762814303","https://openalex.org/W6767095891","https://openalex.org/W6776488958","https://openalex.org/W6784858877","https://openalex.org/W6803361077","https://openalex.org/W6810476078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4288019534","https://openalex.org/W4310988119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(GNNs)":[3],"have":[4,50],"attracted":[5],"significant":[6,167],"research":[7],"interest":[8],"in":[9,66],"various":[10],"graph":[11,122,201,207,217],"data":[12],"modeling":[13],"tasks.":[14],"To":[15],"advance":[16],"trustworthy,":[17],"reliable,":[18],"and":[19,47,64,77,93,125,179,202,216],"safe":[20],"Artificial":[21],"Intelligence":[22],"(AI)":[23],"systems":[24],"for":[25,141],"practical":[26,65],"applications,":[27],"adversarial":[28,154],"robustness":[29],"learning":[30],"on":[31,74,82,144,170,213],"GNNs":[32,109,142,152,215],"has":[33,87],"drawn":[34],"widespread":[35],"attention":[36],"among":[37,173,184],"researchers.":[38],"Numerous":[39],"attack":[40,80,139,209,223],"methods,":[41],"including":[42],"white-box":[43],"attacks,":[44,46,49],"gray-box":[45],"black-box":[48,54,79,138,153],"been":[51],"proposed,":[52],"but":[53],"attacks":[55],"are":[56,110],"widely":[57],"considered":[58],"to":[59,112,120,128,197,208],"be":[60],"the":[61,75,85,91,96,104,108,113,121,129,145,159,181,187,191,194,205,221],"most":[62],"challenging":[63,76],"real-world":[67],"applications.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72,134],"focus":[73],"realistic":[78],"scenario":[81],"GNNs,":[83],"where":[84],"attacker":[86],"no":[88],"information":[89,124],"about":[90],"structure":[92],"parameters":[94],"of":[95,107,131,166,193],"target":[97],"model.":[98],"We":[99],"first":[100],"theoretically":[101],"demonstrate":[102],"that":[103,220],"loss":[105],"changes":[106],"related":[111],"node":[114,149,176],"voting":[115,150,172,177,182],"matrix,":[116],"which":[117],"is":[118,126],"subject":[119],"topology":[123],"independent":[127],"structures":[130],"GNNs.":[132,210],"Then,":[133],"propose":[135],"a":[136,164,199],"novel":[137],"strategy":[140,224],"based":[143,169],"theoretical":[146],"results,":[147],"i.e.,":[148],"influence-based":[151],"attack,":[155],"named":[156],"VoteAttack.":[157],"Specifically,":[158],"VoteAttack":[160,188],"algorithm":[161,189],"iteratively":[162],"chooses":[163],"group":[165],"nodes":[168,174,196],"mutual":[171],"(the":[175],"matrix)":[178],"considers":[180],"weights":[183],"nodes.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"modifies":[190],"attributes":[192],"selected":[195],"create":[198],"perturbed":[200,206],"ultimately":[203],"utilizes":[204],"Experimental":[211],"results":[212],"popular":[214],"datasets":[218],"indicate":[219],"proposed":[222],"outperforms":[225],"baseline":[226],"strategies.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}