{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392125360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3364183","title":"A Survey of Multi-Dimensional Indexes: Past and Future Trends","display_name":"A Survey of Multi-Dimensional Indexes: Past and Future Trends","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392125360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3364183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3364183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3364183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057751734","display_name":"Li Ming-xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-8554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068457792","display_name":"Hancheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-1563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hancheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003181030","display_name":"Haipeng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755573","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-960X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101797040","display_name":"Chengliang Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-5594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengliang Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052175650","display_name":"Rong Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108062912","display_name":"Feng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103182866","display_name":"Zhiyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-2871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046744867","display_name":"Shuaituan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0702-8722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaituan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084208079","display_name":"Qizhi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6060-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qizhi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428808","display_name":"Guihai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6934-1685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guihai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057751734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95161119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"8","first_page":"3635","last_page":"3655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8707279562950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7120612859725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6908648610115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadtree","display_name":"Quadtree","score":0.6877619028091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5250610709190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4775341749191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.465670108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-method","display_name":"Access method","score":0.45891129970550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3660925030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3309752941131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32437896728515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.28013917803764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.13593411445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09831243753433228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8707279562950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7120612859725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6908648610115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151416825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934791","display_name":"Quadtree","level":2,"score":0.6877619028091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5250610709190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4775341749191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.465670108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70000936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672467","display_name":"Access method","level":2,"score":0.45891129970550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3660925030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3309752941131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32437896728515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.28013917803764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.13593411445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09831243753433228}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3364183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2024.3364183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3624957052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6079558348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6776778946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7169141996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8246403133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8765391976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324852","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":142,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7368067","https://openalex.org/W60686164","https://openalex.org/W119601528","https://openalex.org/W122256684","https://openalex.org/W139937574","https://openalex.org/W154039672","https://openalex.org/W158490648","https://openalex.org/W1456375001","https://openalex.org/W1497953515","https://openalex.org/W1501639307","https://openalex.org/W1509655195","https://openalex.org/W1511297515","https://openalex.org/W1546365363","https://openalex.org/W1576347849","https://openalex.org/W1578663408","https://openalex.org/W1578738909","https://openalex.org/W1604713212","https://openalex.org/W1723433588","https://openalex.org/W1839942897","https://openalex.org/W1848031541","https://openalex.org/W1967280264","https://openalex.org/W1974478857","https://openalex.org/W1981561414","https://openalex.org/W1994655805","https://openalex.org/W1995471038","https://openalex.org/W2001100395","https://openalex.org/W2008196645","https://openalex.org/W2015463411","https://openalex.org/W2024668293","https://openalex.org/W2030473127","https://openalex.org/W2035579749","https://openalex.org/W2045229152","https://openalex.org/W2046144220","https://openalex.org/W2050576295","https://openalex.org/W2056521113","https://openalex.org/W2057016719","https://openalex.org/W2063378448","https://openalex.org/W2066799613","https://openalex.org/W2068739275","https://openalex.org/W2070074980","https://openalex.org/W2072605585","https://openalex.org/W2074953519","https://openalex.org/W2074954154","https://openalex.org/W2085830238","https://openalex.org/W2092276439","https://openalex.org/W2097125969","https://openalex.org/W2103185791","https://openalex.org/W2118269922","https://openalex.org/W2119323564","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2131565410","https://openalex.org/W2135961964","https://openalex.org/W2137706341","https://openalex.org/W2149173084","https://openalex.org/W2151135734","https://openalex.org/W2155144363","https://openalex.org/W2155512447","https://openalex.org/W2159772324","https://openalex.org/W2159886933","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2167127060","https://openalex.org/W2171138103","https://openalex.org/W2172097231","https://openalex.org/W2210479044","https://openalex.org/W2211178631","https://openalex.org/W2396725687","https://openalex.org/W2444165571","https://openalex.org/W2614220814","https://openalex.org/W2615528297","https://openalex.org/W2752313434","https://openalex.org/W2766927278","https://openalex.org/W2776826689","https://openalex.org/W2794679688","https://openalex.org/W2795686954","https://openalex.org/W2799015892","https://openalex.org/W2820414666","https://openalex.org/W2896241044","https://openalex.org/W2912806291","https://openalex.org/W2938996743","https://openalex.org/W2945486614","https://openalex.org/W2949733310","https://openalex.org/W2962771342","https://openalex.org/W2963379900","https://openalex.org/W2963486998","https://openalex.org/W2965909661","https://openalex.org/W2967734741","https://openalex.org/W2970851599","https://openalex.org/W2979531022","https://openalex.org/W2983116238","https://openalex.org/W3014326119","https://openalex.org/W3020933524","https://openalex.org/W3025775630","https://openalex.org/W3029532343","https://openalex.org/W3029564598","https://openalex.org/W3033065823","https://openalex.org/W3080317582","https://openalex.org/W3081786030","https://openalex.org/W3092198528","https://openalex.org/W3098583838","https://openalex.org/W3103567827","https://openalex.org/W3106489949","https://openalex.org/W3107270585","https://openalex.org/W3107842002","https://openalex.org/W3121516856","https://openalex.org/W3133463140","https://openalex.org/W3135300167","https://openalex.org/W3137630675","https://openalex.org/W3161007792","https://openalex.org/W3164254023","https://openalex.org/W3177219280","https://openalex.org/W3194145758","https://openalex.org/W3196849431","https://openalex.org/W3197496199","https://openalex.org/W3197592790","https://openalex.org/W4200138379","https://openalex.org/W4220902665","https://openalex.org/W4229052218","https://openalex.org/W4230024212","https://openalex.org/W4236783998","https://openalex.org/W4254024182","https://openalex.org/W4282566685","https://openalex.org/W4289533888","https://openalex.org/W4289534041","https://openalex.org/W4292696876","https://openalex.org/W4293057659","https://openalex.org/W4301369149","https://openalex.org/W4302564095","https://openalex.org/W4381710487","https://openalex.org/W6636710603","https://openalex.org/W6678342440","https://openalex.org/W6679274366","https://openalex.org/W6693814234","https://openalex.org/W6696867981","https://openalex.org/W6759199104","https://openalex.org/W6760599008","https://openalex.org/W6760975235","https://openalex.org/W6775525759","https://openalex.org/W6779883736","https://openalex.org/W6782000827","https://openalex.org/W6789349460","https://openalex.org/W6800318332","https://openalex.org/W6845496511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355085396","https://openalex.org/W2104906863","https://openalex.org/W73946475","https://openalex.org/W2119368079","https://openalex.org/W2358641297","https://openalex.org/W2790246244","https://openalex.org/W2091395069","https://openalex.org/W2169932335","https://openalex.org/W2162466004","https://openalex.org/W2087006292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Index":[0],"structures":[1],"are":[2,20],"powerful":[3],"tools":[4],"for":[5,133],"improving":[6],"query":[7],"performance":[8,102],"and":[9,38,51,95,129],"reducing":[10],"disk":[11],"access":[12],"in":[13,18,44,49,106],"database":[14],"systems.":[15],"Multi-dimensional":[16],"indexes,":[17],"particular,":[19],"used":[21,43],"to":[22,55,99],"filter":[23],"records":[24],"effectively":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27],"multiple":[28],"attributes.":[29],"Classical":[30],"multi-dimensional":[31,62,73,104,116,134],"index":[32,63],"structures,":[33],"such":[34,85],"as":[35,86],"KD-Tree,":[36],"Quadtree,":[37],"R-Tree,":[39],"have":[40,53],"been":[41],"widely":[42],"modern":[45,82],"databases.":[46],"However,":[47],"advancements":[48],"hardware":[50,83],"algorithms":[52],"led":[54],"the":[56,78,101,112,127],"emergence":[57],"of":[58,61,103,115],"new":[59],"types":[60],"structures.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,76,110,125],"begin":[69],"by":[70],"reviewing":[71],"classical":[72],"indexes.":[74],"Next,":[75],"explore":[77],"approaches":[79],"that":[80,118],"leverage":[81],"features,":[84],"Solid-State":[87],"Drive,":[88],"Non-Volatile":[89],"Memory,":[90,94],"Dynamic":[91],"Random":[92],"Access":[93],"Graphics":[96],"Processing":[97],"Unit,":[98],"improve":[100],"indexes":[105,117],"various":[107],"aspects.":[108],"Then,":[109],"investigate":[111],"novel":[113],"work":[114],"apply":[119],"state-of-the-art":[120],"machine":[121],"learning":[122],"techniques.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"discuss":[126],"challenges":[128],"future":[130],"research":[131],"directions":[132],"indexing":[135],"methods.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}