{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387623811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3322129","title":"FocusedCleaner: Sanitizing Poisoned Graphs for Robust GNN-Based Node Classification","display_name":"FocusedCleaner: Sanitizing Poisoned Graphs for Robust GNN-Based Node Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387623811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3322129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2023.3322129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3322129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077839265","display_name":"Yulin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-1386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yulin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101430381","display_name":"Liang Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3971-6949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088100","display_name":"Stellar Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00171m316","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088100"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["stellarcyber.AI, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"stellarcyber.AI, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007267530","display_name":"Gaolei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-5001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaolei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011107678","display_name":"Kai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-2765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077839265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88960445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"2476","last_page":"2489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7575091123580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.47179359197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4165618419647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3393166661262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08679318428039551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7575091123580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47179359197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4165618419647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3393166661262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08679318428039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2023.3322129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3322129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3058216973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4664115551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588282782","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1980287119","https://openalex.org/W2002011878","https://openalex.org/W2025605741","https://openalex.org/W2103154003","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2138309709","https://openalex.org/W2153959628","https://openalex.org/W2160709761","https://openalex.org/W2162630660","https://openalex.org/W2167637346","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2619042136","https://openalex.org/W2785509559","https://openalex.org/W2788919350","https://openalex.org/W2802145570","https://openalex.org/W2914953695","https://openalex.org/W2945996535","https://openalex.org/W2949208225","https://openalex.org/W2963757395","https://openalex.org/W2964583308","https://openalex.org/W2964971928","https://openalex.org/W2971661634","https://openalex.org/W3024644820","https://openalex.org/W3035739162","https://openalex.org/W3040266635","https://openalex.org/W3081203761","https://openalex.org/W3089140681","https://openalex.org/W3100188304","https://openalex.org/W3103796199","https://openalex.org/W3112001526","https://openalex.org/W3114928288","https://openalex.org/W3124962940","https://openalex.org/W3127612723","https://openalex.org/W3135550350","https://openalex.org/W3162804012","https://openalex.org/W3163416963","https://openalex.org/W3174629335","https://openalex.org/W3177226690","https://openalex.org/W3189215930","https://openalex.org/W3204453541","https://openalex.org/W3206604724","https://openalex.org/W3213589113","https://openalex.org/W4226288079","https://openalex.org/W4283811662","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4322614756","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6730084236","https://openalex.org/W6738937787","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6748102297","https://openalex.org/W6748233343","https://openalex.org/W6748856961","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6760001035","https://openalex.org/W6780093097","https://openalex.org/W6794598918","https://openalex.org/W6796513057","https://openalex.org/W6801081114","https://openalex.org/W6804077179","https://openalex.org/W6804547949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(GNNs)":[3],"are":[4],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,19,31,67,88,102],"data":[7],"poisoning":[8],"attacks,":[9],"which":[10],"will":[11,62,94],"generate":[12],"a":[13,27,42,80,104],"poisoned":[14,28,105,146],"graph":[15,29,71,106,126,147],"as":[16,26],"the":[17,20,34,58,64,70,73,77,117,124,128,141],"input":[18],"GNN":[21],"models.":[22],"We":[23],"present":[24],"FocusedCleaner":[25,40,139],"sanitizer":[30],"effectively":[32],"identify":[33],"poison":[35],"injected":[36],"by":[37,108],"attackers.":[38],"Specifically,":[39],"provides":[41,76],"sanitation":[43,148],"framework":[44],"consisting":[45],"of":[46,120],"two":[47,92],"modules:":[48],"bi-level":[49],"structural":[50,59,89],"learning":[51,60],"and":[52,82,98,149],"victim":[53],"node":[54,129],"detection.":[55],"In":[56],"particular,":[57],"module":[61,75],"reverse":[63],"attack":[65],"process":[66],"steadily":[68],"sanitize":[69,103],"while":[72],"detection":[74],"\u201cfocus\u201d":[78],"\u2013":[79,87],"narrowed":[81],"more":[83],"accurate":[84],"search":[85],"region":[86],"learning.":[90],"These":[91],"modules":[93],"operate":[95],"in":[96],"iterations":[97],"reinforce":[99],"each":[100],"other":[101],"step":[107],"step.":[109],"As":[110],"an":[111],"important":[112],"application,":[113],"we":[114],"show":[115],"that":[116,138],"adversarial":[118],"robustness":[119],"GNNs":[121],"trained":[122],"over":[123],"sanitized":[125],"for":[127],"classification":[130],"task":[131],"is":[132],"significantly":[133],"improved.":[134],"Extensive":[135],"experiments":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"outperforms":[140],"state-of-the-art":[142],"baselines":[143],"both":[144],"on":[145],"improving":[150],"robustness.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}