{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385626967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3302847","title":"Generating Counterfactual Instances for Explainable Class-Imbalance Learning","display_name":"Generating Counterfactual Instances for Explainable Class-Imbalance Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385626967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3302847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2023.3302847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3302847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017769599","display_name":"Zhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-368X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Research Center of China, School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-368X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Research Center of China, School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101518907","display_name":"Jiang Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-311X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Research Center of China, School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-311X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Research Center of China, School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054900543","display_name":"Kang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6178-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Research Center of China, School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6178-8549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Research Center of China, School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101813724","display_name":"Hongyan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-4412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tianfu, SouthWestern University of Finance and Economics, Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-4412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tianfu, SouthWestern University of Finance and Economics, Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403662","display_name":"Rui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8133-9801"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Chengdu Polytechnic, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8133-9801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Chengdu Polytechnic, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114259459","display_name":"Guoping Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-5648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-5648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87999756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"1130","last_page":"1144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-conditional","display_name":"Counterfactual conditional","score":0.8439434766769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8384437561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7270704507827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6712239384651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6431578993797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6361928582191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.5701102018356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.47828492522239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3287259638309479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71889745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783264","display_name":"Counterfactual conditional","level":3,"score":0.8439434766769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8384437561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7270704507827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6712239384651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6431578993797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6361928582191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.5701102018356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47828492522239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3287259638309479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2023.3302847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3302847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1003541801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011584","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1873708986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20200109105008228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329801","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2603676127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JBK2103012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2742921397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JBK2202048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4623173173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4978424058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20220531102408020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329801","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5392543476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515012956","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5430980299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329801","display_name":"Shenzhen Research and Development Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490576214","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1857789879","https://openalex.org/W1974758710","https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2049910836","https://openalex.org/W2096945460","https://openalex.org/W2104167780","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2185967890","https://openalex.org/W2499292135","https://openalex.org/W2520599539","https://openalex.org/W2521200999","https://openalex.org/W2562319768","https://openalex.org/W2606462007","https://openalex.org/W2764024122","https://openalex.org/W2765813195","https://openalex.org/W2766742395","https://openalex.org/W2796096336","https://openalex.org/W2798991696","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2896805537","https://openalex.org/W2913306795","https://openalex.org/W2913816472","https://openalex.org/W2916025621","https://openalex.org/W2922054794","https://openalex.org/W2940979392","https://openalex.org/W2943045886","https://openalex.org/W2945295328","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963566126","https://openalex.org/W2963596856","https://openalex.org/W2985175868","https://openalex.org/W2988157455","https://openalex.org/W2990810232","https://openalex.org/W3000870854","https://openalex.org/W3023497337","https://openalex.org/W3081718983","https://openalex.org/W3099844187","https://openalex.org/W3101609372","https://openalex.org/W3104149808","https://openalex.org/W3111117709","https://openalex.org/W3111875476","https://openalex.org/W3118333837","https://openalex.org/W3163867547","https://openalex.org/W3166228617","https://openalex.org/W3166596953","https://openalex.org/W3166795997","https://openalex.org/W3167273282","https://openalex.org/W3185166685","https://openalex.org/W3216475965","https://openalex.org/W4220959892","https://openalex.org/W4224239039","https://openalex.org/W4250375351","https://openalex.org/W4286640397","https://openalex.org/W4288092191","https://openalex.org/W4292533844","https://openalex.org/W4293713156","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6695661434","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6735632117","https://openalex.org/W6768920361","https://openalex.org/W6768992233","https://openalex.org/W6780793664","https://openalex.org/W6780957418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056582926","https://openalex.org/W3137864021","https://openalex.org/W4200271736","https://openalex.org/W2162910442","https://openalex.org/W2079879923","https://openalex.org/W2104420793","https://openalex.org/W3017854570","https://openalex.org/W2028689793","https://openalex.org/W4242448314","https://openalex.org/W3028884462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"class":[1,57,90,152,177,201],"imbalance":[2,58,153,178,202],"learning":[3,59,154,203],"paradigms":[4],"focus":[5],"on":[6],"lifting":[7],"the":[8,16,56,82,92,95,107,138,151,159,176,184],"importance":[9],"of":[10,20,32],"minority":[11],"instance,":[12,84],"aiming":[13],"to":[14,81,142,158,174,192],"improve":[15],"model":[17],"in":[18,46],"terms":[19],"certain":[21],"evaluation":[22],"metrics":[23],"(e.g.,":[24],"AUC":[25],"and":[26,67,112,146,197],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[27],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[28],"-measure).":[29],"One":[30],"drawback":[31],"these":[33],"methods":[34],"is":[35,72,85,125,172],"that":[36,183],"they":[37],"lack":[38],"enough":[39],"transparency,":[40],"hence,":[41],"cannot":[42],"be":[43,103,190],"fully":[44],"trusted":[45],"vital":[47],"domains.":[48],"To":[49,115],"this":[50,52],"end,":[51],"paper":[53],"deal":[54],"with":[55,61],"task":[60],"counterfactual":[62,71],"instances.":[63],"Given":[64],"an":[65,110,161],"instance":[66,75,111],"a":[68,70,73,88,100,118,129],"classifier,":[69],"fake":[74],"which,":[76],"while":[77],"having":[78],"smallest":[79],"distance":[80],"original":[83],"classified":[86],"as":[87],"different":[89],"by":[91,105,187],"classifier.":[93],"Therefore,":[94],"most":[96],"important":[97],"features":[98],"for":[99,150],"classifier":[101],"can":[102,189],"identified":[104],"inspecting":[106],"difference":[108],"between":[109],"its":[113],"counterfactual.":[114],"utilize":[116],"counterfactuals,":[117],"novel":[119],"Explainable":[120],"Generative":[121],"Adversarial":[122],"Network":[123],"(EXGAN)":[124],"proposed.":[126],"EXGAN":[127,188],"has":[128],"unique":[130],"\u201ctwo":[131],"generators":[132,139],"<i>versus</i>":[133],"multiple":[134],"discriminators\u201d":[135],"architecture":[136],"where":[137],"are":[140,148],"used":[141,191],"generate":[143],"effective":[144,194],"counterfactuals":[145,185],"discriminators":[147],"trained":[149],"task.":[155],"In":[156],"addition":[157],"architecture,":[160],"innovative":[162],"ensemble":[163],"loss":[164],"function":[165],"ensuring":[166],"each":[167,170],"discriminator":[168],"complementing":[169],"other":[171],"designed":[173],"overcome":[175],"issue.":[179],"Extensive":[180],"experiments":[181],"prove":[182],"generated":[186],"produce":[193],"local":[195],"explanation":[196],"provide":[198],"significant":[199],"better":[200],"ability":[204],"than":[205],"existing":[206],"competitors.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
