{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367360752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3271425","title":"GSim: A Graph Neural Network Based Relevance Measure for Heterogeneous Graphs","display_name":"GSim: A Graph Neural Network Based Relevance Measure for Heterogeneous Graphs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367360752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3271425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2023.3271425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3271425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007704896","display_name":"Linhao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-942X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linhao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043494334","display_name":"Yixiang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-8593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071084972","display_name":"Moli Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8410-8263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moli Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089964993","display_name":"Xin Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-7013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455674","display_name":"Xiaofeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-1796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385498","display_name":"Wenjie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6572-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007704896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90839378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"12","first_page":"12693","last_page":"12707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7661516666412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.619835615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5038370490074158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43545204401016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4182891547679901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4135856330394745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.41026195883750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37304994463920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3130929470062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.0955909788608551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7661516666412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.619835615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5038370490074158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43545204401016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4182891547679901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4135856330394745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.41026195883750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37304994463920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3130929470062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.0955909788608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2023.3271425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2023.3271425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7312369907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8854098111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8870360","https://openalex.org/W103340358","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1602184149","https://openalex.org/W1888005072","https://openalex.org/W1967863517","https://openalex.org/W1980300263","https://openalex.org/W2069153192","https://openalex.org/W2086320398","https://openalex.org/W2097921823","https://openalex.org/W2110952388","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2117831564","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2152407760","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2507683862","https://openalex.org/W2521492858","https://openalex.org/W2546547051","https://openalex.org/W2605181250","https://openalex.org/W2743104969","https://openalex.org/W2767774008","https://openalex.org/W2792473587","https://openalex.org/W2808744076","https://openalex.org/W2911286998","https://openalex.org/W2951626319","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964198013","https://openalex.org/W2964263570","https://openalex.org/W2979545778","https://openalex.org/W2989985603","https://openalex.org/W2998496395","https://openalex.org/W3000619422","https://openalex.org/W3004507689","https://openalex.org/W3012871709","https://openalex.org/W3082410713","https://openalex.org/W3103513278","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3108556414","https://openalex.org/W3116202926","https://openalex.org/W3126138172","https://openalex.org/W3133518153","https://openalex.org/W3189626311","https://openalex.org/W3209864719","https://openalex.org/W4210707990","https://openalex.org/W4287812705","https://openalex.org/W4288072954","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4311593456","https://openalex.org/W6600367688","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6676750928","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6729323343","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6756248755","https://openalex.org/W6770592035","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6782544898","https://openalex.org/W6799831306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703","https://openalex.org/W41015297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneous":[0],"graphs,":[1,30,83],"which":[2,44,98],"contain":[3],"nodes":[4,166],"and":[5,20,56,75,155,211],"edges":[6],"of":[7,41,60,71,165,199],"multiple":[8],"types,":[9,43],"are":[10,70,79],"prevalent":[11],"in":[12,27,48,121,167,185],"various":[13],"domains,":[14],"including":[15],"bibliographic":[16],"networks,":[17],"social":[18],"media,":[19],"knowledge":[21,109],"graphs.":[22,110,187],"As":[23],"a":[24,76,143,173],"fundamental":[25],"task":[26],"analyzing":[28],"heterogeneous":[29,82,106,186],"relevance":[31,37,62,134,146,164,194],"measure":[32],"aims":[33],"to":[34,180,192],"calculate":[35],"the":[36,72,88,112,138,163,168,183],"between":[38,196],"two":[39,197],"objects":[40,69,198],"different":[42],"has":[45,117,128],"been":[46,118,130],"used":[47],"many":[49,122],"applications":[50],"such":[51],"as":[52],"web":[53],"search,":[54],"recommendation,":[55],"community":[57],"detection.":[58],"Most":[59],"existing":[61,208],"measures":[63,78,195],"focus":[64],"on":[65,104],"homogeneous":[66],"networks":[67],"where":[68],"same":[73],"type,":[74],"few":[77],"developed":[80],"for":[81,132,161],"but":[84,126],"they":[85],"often":[86],"need":[87],"pre-defined":[89],"meta-path.":[90],"Defining":[91],"meaningful":[92],"meta-paths":[93],"requires":[94],"much":[95],"domain":[96],"knowledge,":[97],"largely":[99],"limits":[100],"their":[101],"applications,":[102],"especially":[103],"schema-rich":[105],"graphs":[107],"like":[108],"Recently,":[111],"Graph":[113],"Neural":[114],"Network":[115],"(GNN)":[116],"widely":[119],"applied":[120,131],"graph":[123,176],"mining":[124],"tasks,":[125],"it":[127],"not":[129],"measuring":[133,162],"yet.":[135],"To":[136],"address":[137],"aforementioned":[139],"problems,":[140],"we":[141,151,189],"propose":[142,172],"novel":[144],"GNN-based":[145],"measure,":[147],"namely":[148],"GSim.":[149],"Specifically,":[150],"first":[152],"theoretically":[153],"analyze":[154],"show":[156],"that":[157,205],"GNN":[158],"is":[159,213],"effective":[160],"graph.":[169],"We":[170],"then":[171],"context":[174],"path-based":[175],"neural":[177],"network":[178],"(CP-GNN)":[179],"automatically":[181],"leverage":[182],"semantics":[184],"Moreover,":[188],"exploit":[190],"CP-GNN":[191],"support":[193],"any":[200],"type.":[201],"Extensive":[202],"experiments":[203],"demonstrate":[204],"GSim":[206],"outperforms":[207],"measures.":[209],"(Coda":[210],"data":[212],"available":[214],"at":[215],"this":[216],"link":[217],"<uri":[218],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[219],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/RManLuo/GSim</uri>":[220],").":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}