{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000120900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3187455","title":"GraphLIME: Local Interpretable Model Explanations for Graph Neural Networks","display_name":"GraphLIME: Local Interpretable Model Explanations for Graph Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000120900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3187455","mag":"3000120900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2022.3187455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3187455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617917","display_name":"Qiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0046-0923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046358579","display_name":"Makoto Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-5094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","Kyoto University, RIKEN AIP, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University, RIKEN AIP, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101934265","display_name":"Yuan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4521-2096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077717460","display_name":"Dinesh Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-9847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN AIP, Kyoto, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN AIP, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029392006","display_name":"Yi Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100617917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.1696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":351,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99832237,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"7","first_page":"6968","last_page":"6972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6935001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6174688935279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5616487264633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5587521195411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49694445729255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.48654571175575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-selection","display_name":"Model selection","score":0.4712909758090973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44308099150657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4299619793891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20045050978660583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6935001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6174688935279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5616487264633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5587521195411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49694445729255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.48654571175575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.4712909758090973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44308099150657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4299619793891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20045050978660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2022.3187455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3187455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G524871825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7138386155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19A2065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198744195","https://openalex.org/W1638081485","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W2063978378","https://openalex.org/W2105465844","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2158599326","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2522925973","https://openalex.org/W2565516711","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2597603852","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2724999822","https://openalex.org/W2792839479","https://openalex.org/W2809343047","https://openalex.org/W2890457888","https://openalex.org/W2891612330","https://openalex.org/W2943959761","https://openalex.org/W2954968328","https://openalex.org/W2962767366","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963365341","https://openalex.org/W2963581908","https://openalex.org/W2963799407","https://openalex.org/W2963858333","https://openalex.org/W2972317931","https://openalex.org/W3126122061","https://openalex.org/W3136399186","https://openalex.org/W3184370740","https://openalex.org/W3203241679","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6735632633","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6748336101","https://openalex.org/W6754204458","https://openalex.org/W6767288045","https://openalex.org/W6786048916","https://openalex.org/W6790580958","https://openalex.org/W6791460281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W3083152911","https://openalex.org/W3022347918","https://openalex.org/W4200527723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"structured":[1,37],"data":[2,38],"has":[3],"wide":[4],"applicability":[5],"in":[6,33,109,137],"various":[7],"domains":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10],"physics,":[11],"chemistry,":[12],"biology,":[13],"computer":[14],"vision,":[15],"and":[16,44,134],"social":[17],"networks,":[18],"to":[19,30,129,139],"name":[20],"a":[21,55,74,90,97,104],"few.":[22],"Recently,":[23],"graph":[24,36],"neural":[25],"networks":[26],"(GNN)":[27],"were":[28],"shown":[29],"be":[31,130],"successful":[32],"effectively":[34],"representing":[35],"because":[39,58],"of":[40,51,59,112,125,131],"their":[41],"good":[42],"performance":[43],"generalization":[45],"ability.":[46],"However,":[47],"explaining":[48],"the":[49,60,66,82,110,113,123,140],"effectiveness":[50],"GNN":[52],"models":[53],"is":[54,89,96],"challenging":[56],"task":[57],"complex":[61],"nonlinear":[62,91,105],"transformations":[63],"made":[64],"over":[65],"iterations.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"GraphLIME,":[73],"local":[75],"interpretable":[76,106],"model":[77,107],"explanation":[78,100,142],"for":[79],"graphs":[80],"using":[81],"Hilbert-Schmidt":[83],"Independence":[84],"Criterion":[85],"(HSIC)":[86],"Lasso,":[87],"which":[88],"feature":[92],"selection":[93],"method.":[94],"GraphLIME":[95,126],"generic":[98],"GNN-model":[99],"framework":[101],"that":[102],"learns":[103],"locally":[108],"subgraph":[111],"node":[114],"being":[115],"explained.":[116],"Through":[117],"experiments":[118],"on":[119],"two":[120],"real-world":[121],"datasets,":[122],"explanations":[124],"are":[127],"found":[128],"extraordinary":[132],"degree":[133],"more":[135],"descriptive":[136],"comparison":[138],"existing":[141],"methods.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}