{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226166862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3167996","title":"Sparse and Flexible Projections for Unsupervised Feature Selection","display_name":"Sparse and Flexible Projections for Unsupervised Feature Selection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226166862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3167996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2022.3167996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3167996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030351224","display_name":"Rong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-6726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021971528","display_name":"Canyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-6772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Canyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi an, Shaan xi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi an, Shaan xi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026482724","display_name":"Jintang Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8826-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintang Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, shanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401102","display_name":"Zheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-1115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003222421","display_name":"Feiping Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-6519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiping Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740143","display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-4197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 26487 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030351224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91958628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6587852239608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6360710263252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6005064249038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4855460822582245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4808829128742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.474972665309906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4729830026626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.46051302552223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4148215353488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36511731147766113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6587852239608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6360710263252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6005064249038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4855460822582245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4808829128742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.474972665309906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4729830026626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.46051302552223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4148215353488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36511731147766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2022.3167996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2022.3167996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3280333285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2019KY0501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4820425477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871470","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7365858389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7761990065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61936014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105804906","https://openalex.org/W120692785","https://openalex.org/W141062567","https://openalex.org/W191001584","https://openalex.org/W628583573","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1897044480","https://openalex.org/W1963763787","https://openalex.org/W1979089718","https://openalex.org/W2033365921","https://openalex.org/W2060542593","https://openalex.org/W2076363162","https://openalex.org/W2083666679","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2100659887","https://openalex.org/W2103560185","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2110158442","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2128873747","https://openalex.org/W2134935984","https://openalex.org/W2149620660","https://openalex.org/W2157317320","https://openalex.org/W2158933803","https://openalex.org/W2249670697","https://openalex.org/W2294130536","https://openalex.org/W2406581873","https://openalex.org/W2564482619","https://openalex.org/W2770749234","https://openalex.org/W2781829441","https://openalex.org/W2793189157","https://openalex.org/W2806617899","https://openalex.org/W2809077420","https://openalex.org/W2894278606","https://openalex.org/W2932421136","https://openalex.org/W2963891399","https://openalex.org/W2969761511","https://openalex.org/W2971182726","https://openalex.org/W2997895800","https://openalex.org/W2997973367","https://openalex.org/W3013410770","https://openalex.org/W3017261075","https://openalex.org/W3021655209","https://openalex.org/W3035396932","https://openalex.org/W3100147376","https://openalex.org/W3179442710","https://openalex.org/W3179460971","https://openalex.org/W3184609690","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4289236186","https://openalex.org/W6604905834","https://openalex.org/W6605792473","https://openalex.org/W6639690344","https://openalex.org/W6680150360","https://openalex.org/W6681822384","https://openalex.org/W6691104258","https://openalex.org/W6714133674","https://openalex.org/W6798286705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W2510961579","https://openalex.org/W1637798125","https://openalex.org/W2367926634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"decades,":[2],"unsupervised":[3,16,106],"feature":[4,17,107],"selection":[5,18,108],"methods":[6,19,31,61,109],"have":[7],"become":[8],"increasingly":[9],"popular.":[10],"Nevertheless,":[11],"most":[12,59],"of":[13,78,94,144,152,191],"the":[14,99,141,149,164,187],"existing":[15,60],"suffer":[20],"from":[21,55],"two":[22,104],"major":[23],"problems":[24],"that":[25],"lead":[26],"to":[27,69,90,127,139,171],"suboptimal":[28],"solutions.":[29],"Many":[30],"impose":[32],"a":[33,87],"hard":[34],"linear":[35],"projection":[36,67,126],"constraint":[37],"on":[38,66,181],"original":[39,153],"data,":[40],"which":[41,81,114],"is":[42],"overly":[43],"strict":[44],"in":[45,161],"nature":[46],"and":[47,74,112,121,155,183,189],"not":[48],"suitable":[49],"for":[50],"dealing":[51],"with":[52,86],"data":[53,154],"sampled":[54],"nonlinear":[56],"manifolds.":[57],"Second,":[58],"use":[62],"<i>l</i><sub>2,p</sub>-norm":[63],"(0<p<1)":[64],"regularization":[65],"matrix":[68,73],"obtain":[70,92,122],"row":[71],"sparse":[72,125],"then":[75],"calculate":[76],"scores":[77],"each":[79],"feature,":[80],"would":[82],"introduce":[83],"extra":[84],"parameter":[85],"slight":[88],"possibility":[89],"directly":[91,128],"indexes":[93],"discriminative":[95,130],"features.":[96],"To":[97],"solve":[98,172],"above":[100],"problems,":[101],"we":[102,137],"propose":[103,138],"novel":[105,165],"called":[110],"SF<sup>2</sup>S":[111],"SF<sup>2</sup>SOG,":[113],"can":[115],"simultaneously":[116],"learn":[117],"optimal":[118,159],"flexible":[119,145],"projections":[120],"an":[123,158],"orthogonal":[124],"select":[129],"features":[131],"by":[132],"applying":[133],"<i>l</i><sub>2,0</sub>-norm":[134],"constraint.":[135],"Moreover,":[136],"explore":[140],"local":[142],"structure":[143,151],"embedding":[146],"through":[147],"preserving":[148],"manifold":[150],"adaptively":[156],"constructing":[157],"graph":[160],"subspace.":[162],"Thirdly,":[163],"iterative":[166],"optimization":[167],"algorithms":[168],"are":[169],"presented":[170],"objective":[173],"functions":[174],"guaranteeing":[175],"convergence":[176],"theoretically.":[177],"Various":[178],"evaluation":[179],"experiments":[180],"synthetic":[182],"real-world":[184],"datasets":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"superiority":[190],"our":[192],"proposed":[193],"methods.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
