{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212636046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3126607","title":"ShieldDB: An Encrypted Document Database With Padding Countermeasures","display_name":"ShieldDB: An Encrypted Document Database With Padding Countermeasures","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212636046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3126607","mag":"3212636046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3126607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3126607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087395864","display_name":"Viet Vo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-7981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viet Vo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","Data 61, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-7981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data 61, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064553444","display_name":"Xingliang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-4946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingliang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-4946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057621404","display_name":"Shi-Feng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-5275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Feng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-5275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023687478","display_name":"Joseph K. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-6240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph K. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-6240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082256444","display_name":"\u202aSurya Nepal\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surya Nepal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data 61, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data 61, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390514","display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-315X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-315X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76219276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"4","first_page":"4236","last_page":"4252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8387696743011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7227911949157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6631823182106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.611149251461029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6046289801597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5990577936172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5933918356895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/padding","display_name":"Padding","score":0.549473226070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5320098400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.5306383967399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-database","display_name":"Cloud database","score":0.4787147045135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-storage","display_name":"Cloud storage","score":0.4295758903026581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18147051334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09335801005363464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8387696743011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7227911949157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6631823182106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.611149251461029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6046289801597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5990577936172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5933918356895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165435473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509884","display_name":"Padding","level":2,"score":0.549473226070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5320098400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.5306383967399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778974508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499178","display_name":"Cloud database","level":3,"score":0.4787147045135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777059624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914359","display_name":"Cloud storage","level":3,"score":0.4295758903026581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18147051334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09335801005363464}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3126607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3126607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502708590","https://openalex.org/W1539859404","https://openalex.org/W1996453724","https://openalex.org/W2001154722","https://openalex.org/W2033165262","https://openalex.org/W2074388704","https://openalex.org/W2078656587","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2147929033","https://openalex.org/W2152516507","https://openalex.org/W2159915142","https://openalex.org/W2170993700","https://openalex.org/W2313223421","https://openalex.org/W2343414189","https://openalex.org/W2420927655","https://openalex.org/W2520286728","https://openalex.org/W2530123397","https://openalex.org/W2532292902","https://openalex.org/W2600805457","https://openalex.org/W2612035821","https://openalex.org/W2616148604","https://openalex.org/W2739132638","https://openalex.org/W2765463836","https://openalex.org/W2795193970","https://openalex.org/W2889227180","https://openalex.org/W2889232097","https://openalex.org/W2891250116","https://openalex.org/W2910579227","https://openalex.org/W2920126279","https://openalex.org/W2946109000","https://openalex.org/W2949578450","https://openalex.org/W2951490592","https://openalex.org/W2963504955","https://openalex.org/W2964163111","https://openalex.org/W2970420884","https://openalex.org/W2982401473","https://openalex.org/W2986992030","https://openalex.org/W2997967197","https://openalex.org/W3006791962","https://openalex.org/W3029079905","https://openalex.org/W3031206277","https://openalex.org/W3031749496","https://openalex.org/W3091035839","https://openalex.org/W3171777582","https://openalex.org/W6637411694","https://openalex.org/W6713547331","https://openalex.org/W6713554341","https://openalex.org/W6720239471","https://openalex.org/W6727628022","https://openalex.org/W6763786048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142641794","https://openalex.org/W2503150695","https://openalex.org/W2946726629","https://openalex.org/W4384947563","https://openalex.org/W4231428344","https://openalex.org/W4315882065","https://openalex.org/W4244331477","https://openalex.org/W4322753435","https://openalex.org/W4287587694","https://openalex.org/W2351128264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"storage":[1,39],"systems":[2],"have":[3],"seen":[4],"a":[5,93,101,141,183],"growing":[6],"number":[7],"of":[8,37,62,186],"clients":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,74,111,114,173],"the":[12,35,54,60,70,76,106,112,116,147,153,170,174,179],"fact":[13],"that":[14,169],"more":[15,17,142],"and":[16,19,28,31,152,188],"businesses":[18],"governments":[20],"are":[21],"shifting":[22],"away":[23],"from":[24,97],"in-house":[25],"data":[26,50,120],"servers":[27],"seeking":[29],"cost-effective":[30],"ease-of-access":[32],"solutions.":[33],"However,":[34,89],"security":[36],"cloud":[38],"is":[40,130,176],"underestimated":[41],"in":[42,47,126],"current":[43],"practice,":[44],"which":[45],"resulted":[46],"many":[48],"large-scale":[49],"breaches.":[51],"To":[52,122],"change":[53],"status":[55],"quo,":[56],"this":[57,124],"paper":[58],"presents":[59],"design":[61],"ShieldDB,":[63],"an":[64,159],"encrypted":[65,80],"document":[66],"database.":[67],"ShieldDB":[68,129,187],"adapts":[69],"searchable":[71],"encryption":[72],"technique":[73],"preserve":[75],"search":[77],"functionality":[78],"over":[79],"documents":[81],"without":[82],"having":[83],"much":[84],"impact":[85],"on":[86,119,192],"its":[87],"scalability.":[88],"merely":[90],"realising":[91],"such":[92],"theoretical":[94],"primitive":[95],"suffers":[96],"real-world":[98],"threats,":[99],"where":[100,146],"knowledgeable":[102],"adversary":[103,154],"can":[104,155],"exploit":[105],"leakage":[107],"(aka":[108],"access":[109,171],"pattern":[110,172],"database)":[113],"break":[115],"claimed":[117],"protection":[118],"confidentiality.":[121],"address":[123],"challenge":[125],"practical":[127],"deployment,":[128],"designed":[131],"with":[132],"tailored":[133],"padding":[134,166],"countermeasures.":[135],"Unlike":[136],"prior":[137],"works,":[138],"we":[139],"target":[140],"realistic":[143],"adversarial":[144],"model,":[145],"database":[148,175],"gets":[149],"updated":[150],"continuously,":[151],"monitor":[156],"it":[157],"at":[158],"(or":[160],"multiple)":[161],"arbitrary":[162],"time":[163],"interval(s).":[164],"ShieldDB\u2019s":[165],"strategies":[167],"ensure":[168],"obfuscated":[177],"all":[178],"time.":[180],"We":[181],"present":[182],"full-fledged":[184],"implementation":[185],"conduct":[189],"intensive":[190],"evaluations":[191],"Azure":[193],"Cloud.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
