{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213184433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3125424","title":"Recommending Learning Objects Through Attentive Heterogeneous Graph Convolution and Operation-Aware Neural Network","display_name":"Recommending Learning Objects Through Attentive Heterogeneous Graph Convolution and Operation-Aware Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213184433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3125424","mag":"3213184433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3125424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3125424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034415838","display_name":"Yifan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-1633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086407377","display_name":"Qika Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-0600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qika Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110482386","display_name":"Hao L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-8499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034376285","display_name":"Kaize Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-3627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaize Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute (AAII), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute (AAII), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101410249","display_name":"Donglei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donglei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040581410","display_name":"James Chambua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5227-3252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Chambua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006749578","display_name":"Shanshan Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082774439","display_name":"Zhendong Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0576-7572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034415838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97559148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"4","first_page":"4178","last_page":"4189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.837750256061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5862852931022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5369197130203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49993300437927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46508070826530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3694790303707123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.837750256061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5862852931022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5369197130203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49993300437927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46508070826530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3694790303707123}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3125424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3125424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G522449936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G635447344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61370137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022308465","https://openalex.org/W2075143267","https://openalex.org/W2150705994","https://openalex.org/W2311090125","https://openalex.org/W2337506561","https://openalex.org/W2414670006","https://openalex.org/W2475334473","https://openalex.org/W2548570154","https://openalex.org/W2555967446","https://openalex.org/W2579393094","https://openalex.org/W2592804878","https://openalex.org/W2596352504","https://openalex.org/W2600702321","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2604662567","https://openalex.org/W2750225358","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2864717551","https://openalex.org/W2899457523","https://openalex.org/W2905101140","https://openalex.org/W2905464284","https://openalex.org/W2912201209","https://openalex.org/W2913560138","https://openalex.org/W2914592219","https://openalex.org/W2914721378","https://openalex.org/W2914866826","https://openalex.org/W2935051602","https://openalex.org/W2945623882","https://openalex.org/W2950393809","https://openalex.org/W2953819997","https://openalex.org/W2964182926","https://openalex.org/W2964926209","https://openalex.org/W2965707067","https://openalex.org/W2977032157","https://openalex.org/W2991982770","https://openalex.org/W2997897037","https://openalex.org/W2998431760","https://openalex.org/W3004766324","https://openalex.org/W3035661448","https://openalex.org/W3035721489","https://openalex.org/W3042085764","https://openalex.org/W3045034478","https://openalex.org/W3090516735","https://openalex.org/W3092921977","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101707147","https://openalex.org/W3103296573","https://openalex.org/W3106439716","https://openalex.org/W4251194840","https://openalex.org/W6757374366","https://openalex.org/W6758075616","https://openalex.org/W6769589523","https://openalex.org/W6771176298","https://openalex.org/W6776185918","https://openalex.org/W6779351305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387838477","https://openalex.org/W2391251536","https://openalex.org/W2362198218","https://openalex.org/W1982750869","https://openalex.org/W2019521278","https://openalex.org/W1984922432","https://openalex.org/W2067193074","https://openalex.org/W2182785089","https://openalex.org/W4312178642","https://openalex.org/W2375093801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"Open":[1],"Online":[2],"Courses":[3],"(MOOCs)":[4],"have":[5,60],"received":[6],"unprecedented":[7],"attention,":[8],"in":[9,48,75],"which":[10,81,158],"learners":[11],"can":[12,82],"obtain":[13],"a":[14,41,108,123,172,193],"large":[15],"number":[16],"of":[17,34,52,95,126,154,162,168,218],"learning":[18,35,50,65,90,96,109,116],"objects":[19,36,66,97],"anytime":[20],"and":[21,44,92,118,129,164,184,189,212],"anywhere.":[22],"However,":[23,74],"the":[24,31,49,152,155,160,166,169,207],"increasing":[25],"information":[26,147],"overload":[27],"on":[28,114],"MOOCs":[29],"inhibits":[30],"appropriate":[32],"choice":[33],"by":[37],"learners,":[38,69],"leading":[39],"to":[40,63,68,181,190,216],"low":[42],"efficiency":[43],"high":[45],"dropout":[46],"rates":[47],"process":[51],"this":[53,104],"human-computer":[54],"interaction":[55],"scenario.":[56],"E-learning":[57],"recommendation":[58,78,111],"systems":[59],"been":[61],"studied":[62],"present":[64],"directly":[67],"thereby":[70],"relieving":[71],"such":[72,87],"problem.":[73],"MOOC":[76],"platforms,":[77],"network":[79],"structures":[80],"selectively":[83],"extract":[84],"implicit":[85,183],"feature":[86],"as":[88],"heterogeneous":[89,115,156],"preference":[91],"knowledge":[93,119],"organization":[94],"are":[98],"still":[99],"not":[100],"comprehensively":[101],"studied.":[102],"To":[103,121],"end,":[105],"we":[106,131],"propose":[107,133],"object":[110],"model":[112,205],"based":[113,137,175],"behavior":[117],"graph.":[120],"generate":[122],"unified":[124],"representation":[125,153],"each":[127],"entity":[128],"relation,":[130],"first":[132],"an":[134,144],"Attentive":[135],"Composition":[136],"Graph":[138],"Convolutional":[139],"Network":[140,177],"(ACGCN).":[141],"By":[142],"introducing":[143],"attention":[145],"mechanism,":[146],"is":[148,179],"amplified":[149],"when":[150],"updating":[151],"graph,":[157],"eliminates":[159],"impact":[161],"noise":[163],"improves":[165],"robustness":[167],"model.":[170],"Then,":[171],"Dense":[173],"Feature":[174],"Operation-Aware":[176],"(DFOAN)":[178],"utilized":[180],"capture":[182],"complex":[185],"learners\u2019":[186],"interactive":[187],"behaviors,":[188],"further":[191],"provide":[192],"recommendation.":[194],"Experimental":[195],"results":[196],"using":[197],"two":[198],"real-world":[199],"datasets":[200],"revealed":[201],"that":[202],"our":[203],"proposed":[204],"has":[206],"best":[208],"precision,":[209],"recall,":[210],"F1,":[211],"accuracy":[213],"scores":[214],"compared":[215],"those":[217],"several":[219],"existing":[220],"models.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-23T07:41:27.035349","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}