{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320161993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3120722","title":"Efficient and Optimal Algorithms for Tree Summarization with Weighted Terminologies","display_name":"Efficient and Optimal Algorithms for Tree Summarization with Weighted Terminologies","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320161993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3120722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3120722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3120722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066987271","display_name":"Xuliang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-8809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuliang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058488736","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3650-0301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052275926","display_name":"Byron Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-336X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byron Koon Kau Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008564713","display_name":"Jianliang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianliang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022791783","display_name":"William K. Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-2050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049750015","display_name":"Yanchun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-5980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71270174","display_name":"Victoria University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j757h98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71270174"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109437","display_name":"Footscray Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0221nva21","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109437","https://openalex.org/I4210116486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109437","https://openalex.org/I71270174"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062375227","display_name":"Jiming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066987271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23213207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.8419895172119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.6605201959609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.533319354057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4132082164287567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37605640292167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.3400929570198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3030549883842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1584792137145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.14241105318069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.10274657607078552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.8419895172119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.6605201959609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.533319354057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4132082164287567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37605640292167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3400929570198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3030549883842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1584792137145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.14241105318069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.10274657607078552}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3120722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3120722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.vu.edu.au:47429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vuir.vu.edu.au/47429/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400215","display_name":"Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","host_organization_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W804133461","https://openalex.org/W1495827583","https://openalex.org/W1680189815","https://openalex.org/W1776713878","https://openalex.org/W1965332127","https://openalex.org/W1978016295","https://openalex.org/W1989418877","https://openalex.org/W1993535057","https://openalex.org/W1996760769","https://openalex.org/W2009688537","https://openalex.org/W2032931204","https://openalex.org/W2101620066","https://openalex.org/W2111094216","https://openalex.org/W2113952707","https://openalex.org/W2116233288","https://openalex.org/W2125580539","https://openalex.org/W2133893001","https://openalex.org/W2137120608","https://openalex.org/W2158889612","https://openalex.org/W2162866953","https://openalex.org/W2167429959","https://openalex.org/W2231297807","https://openalex.org/W2284046019","https://openalex.org/W2290852688","https://openalex.org/W2404301904","https://openalex.org/W2437172682","https://openalex.org/W2604718232","https://openalex.org/W2612867423","https://openalex.org/W2767656473","https://openalex.org/W2798893697","https://openalex.org/W2898261266","https://openalex.org/W2898421831","https://openalex.org/W2916603171","https://openalex.org/W2948179762","https://openalex.org/W2950847613","https://openalex.org/W2963306329","https://openalex.org/W3003770903","https://openalex.org/W3031889303","https://openalex.org/W3086980861","https://openalex.org/W3094083270","https://openalex.org/W3148000254","https://openalex.org/W4231252632","https://openalex.org/W6622957738","https://openalex.org/W6629601471","https://openalex.org/W6640633640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366403280","https://openalex.org/W1495108544","https://openalex.org/W2091301346","https://openalex.org/W3148229873","https://openalex.org/W2150160875","https://openalex.org/W4242223894","https://openalex.org/W1517524280","https://openalex.org/W4323520239","https://openalex.org/W4389760904","https://openalex.org/W4306886878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"summarization":[1,87,235],"that":[2],"presents":[3],"a":[4,8,35,60,70,124,178,197,240,268],"small":[5],"subset":[6],"of":[7,63,167,182,205,223,230,255,271,285],"dataset":[9,280],"to":[10,33,67,131,185,281],"users":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"widely":[14],"applied":[15],"in":[16,143,157,214,239],"numerous":[17],"applications":[18],"and":[19,48,155,165,192,210,236,253,259,288],"systems.":[20],"Many":[21],"datasets":[22,249],"are":[23,151,171],"coded":[24],"with":[25,76,97,189],"hierarchical":[26,71],"terminologies,":[27],"e.g.,":[28],"gene":[29],"ontology,":[30,32],"disease":[31],"name":[34],"few.":[36],"In":[37,174],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,121,176,218,266],"study":[41],"the":[42,95,118,152,194,202,228,251,283],"weighted":[43],"tree":[44,86,158,183,195,234,263],"summarization.":[45,264],"We":[46,80],"motivate":[47],"formulate":[49],"our":[50,256,286],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[51,55,64,74,89,98,103,128,136,140,144,148,159,168,207,211,231],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\mathsf":[52,56,90,104,129,137,141,169,208,212],"{kWTS}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[53,138],"-":[54,139],"{problem}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[57,142],"as":[58],"selecting":[59],"diverse":[61],"set":[62],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[65,232],"nodes":[66,188],"<u>s</u>":[68],"ummarize":[69],"<u>t</u>":[72],"ree":[73],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[75,160],"<u>w</u>":[77],"eighted":[78],"terminologies.":[79],"first":[81],"propose":[82,177],"an":[83],"efficient":[84],"greedy":[85],"algorithm":[88,127,163],"{GTS}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[91,105,209],".":[92,161],"It":[93],"solves":[94],"problem":[96,119],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(1-1/e)$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[99],"-approximation":[100],"guarantee.":[101],"Although":[102],"achieves":[106],"quality-guaranteed":[107],"answers":[108,134],"approximately,":[109],"but":[110],"it":[111,238],"is":[112],"still":[113],"not":[114],"optimal.":[115],"To":[116],"tackle":[117],"optimally,":[120],"further":[122],"develop":[123],"dynamic":[125],"programming":[126],"{OTS}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[130,170,213],"obtain":[132],"optimal":[133,260],"for":[135,262],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$O(nhk^3)$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[145],"time,":[146],"where":[147],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$n,":[149],"h$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[150],"node":[153],"size":[154],"height":[156],"The":[162],"complexity":[164],"correctness":[166],"theoretically":[172],"analyzed.":[173],"addition,":[175],"useful":[179,221],"optimization":[180],"technique":[181],"reduction":[184],"remove":[186],"useless":[187],"zero":[190],"weights":[191],"shrink":[193],"into":[196],"smaller":[198],"one,":[199],"which":[200],"ensures":[201],"efficiency":[203,254],"acceleration":[204],"both":[206],"real-world":[215,248],"datasets.":[216],"Moreover,":[217],"illustrate":[219],"one":[220],"application":[222],"graph":[224],"visualization":[225],"based":[226],"on":[227,247,275],"answer":[229],"-sized":[233],"show":[237,250],"novel":[241],"case":[242],"study.":[243],"Extensive":[244],"experimental":[245],"results":[246],"effectiveness":[252],"proposed":[257],"approximate":[258],"algorithms":[261],"Furthermore,":[265],"conduct":[267],"usability":[269],"evaluation":[270],"attractive":[272],"topic":[273],"recommendation":[274],"ACM":[276],"Computing":[277],"Classification":[278],"System":[279],"validate":[282],"usefulness":[284],"model":[287],"algorithms.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}