{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197269428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3109131","title":"Learning Adaptive Embedding Considering Incremental Class","display_name":"Learning Adaptive Embedding Considering Incremental Class","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197269428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3109131","mag":"3197269428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3109131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3109131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397623","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-3584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 12436 Nanjing, JIANGSU, China, 210094 (e-mail: yyang@njust.edu.cn)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 12436 Nanjing, JIANGSU, China, 210094 (e-mail: yyang@njust.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103997267","display_name":"Zhen-Qiang Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen-Qiang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 12534 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, (e-mail: enderman19980125@outlook.com)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 12534 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, (e-mail: enderman19980125@outlook.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049015446","display_name":"Hengshu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-643X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengshu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Talent Intelligence Center, Baidu Inc., Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhuhengshu@baidu.com)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Talent Intelligence Center, Baidu Inc., Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhuhengshu@baidu.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032187620","display_name":"Yanjie Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1767-8024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjie Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 14717 Rolla, Missouri, United States, (e-mail: fuyan@mst.edu)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 14717 Rolla, Missouri, United States, (e-mail: fuyan@mst.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065865669","display_name":"Yuanchun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-1131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Data Center, Computer Newwork Information Center,CAS, Beijing, Beijing, China, 100190 (e-mail: zyc@cnic.cn)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Data Center, Computer Newwork Information Center,CAS, Beijing, Beijing, China, 100190 (e-mail: zyc@cnic.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862104","display_name":"Hui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-6465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["MSIS, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States, (e-mail: hxiong@rutgers.edu)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MSIS, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States, (e-mail: hxiong@rutgers.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726984","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, (e-mail: csjyang@njust.edu.cn)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, (e-mail: csjyang@njust.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93712387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.804828405380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.7042022347450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6369529366493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6228055357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.604012131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5580600500106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5198876857757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5128315091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.44738084077835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3926531672477722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.804828405380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.7042022347450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6369529366493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6228055357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.604012131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5580600500106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5198876857757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5128315091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.44738084077835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3926531672477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3109131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3109131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-125024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-125024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5547653852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62006118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55606816","https://openalex.org/W104184427","https://openalex.org/W1983989471","https://openalex.org/W1985059878","https://openalex.org/W2036963181","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2128532956","https://openalex.org/W2130416896","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2132984949","https://openalex.org/W2135957668","https://openalex.org/W2150295085","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2248269543","https://openalex.org/W2289084343","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2470412537","https://openalex.org/W2530887700","https://openalex.org/W2531327146","https://openalex.org/W2555897561","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2598634450","https://openalex.org/W2604735226","https://openalex.org/W2734314755","https://openalex.org/W2744654301","https://openalex.org/W2765101016","https://openalex.org/W2767414122","https://openalex.org/W2783837693","https://openalex.org/W2786446225","https://openalex.org/W2895752198","https://openalex.org/W2901114541","https://openalex.org/W2910603373","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949995560","https://openalex.org/W2951332996","https://openalex.org/W2951761524","https://openalex.org/W2951954464","https://openalex.org/W2951970475","https://openalex.org/W2963149653","https://openalex.org/W2963540014","https://openalex.org/W2963656735","https://openalex.org/W2963875483","https://openalex.org/W2964048876","https://openalex.org/W2964189064","https://openalex.org/W2982234480","https://openalex.org/W2990604239","https://openalex.org/W2991642706","https://openalex.org/W3006924828","https://openalex.org/W3011595896","https://openalex.org/W3021931813","https://openalex.org/W3034873720","https://openalex.org/W3098511564","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3149252920","https://openalex.org/W4210880854","https://openalex.org/W4291237587","https://openalex.org/W4295883599","https://openalex.org/W4298018319","https://openalex.org/W6604254268","https://openalex.org/W6629510986","https://openalex.org/W6679390333","https://openalex.org/W6682222085","https://openalex.org/W6688229636","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6730251247","https://openalex.org/W6730323794","https://openalex.org/W6735013348","https://openalex.org/W6735531217","https://openalex.org/W6736021936","https://openalex.org/W6736334413","https://openalex.org/W6741420983","https://openalex.org/W6745121187","https://openalex.org/W6745891213","https://openalex.org/W6748682750","https://openalex.org/W6756120173","https://openalex.org/W6760278398","https://openalex.org/W6764051988","https://openalex.org/W6773823875","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289718052","https://openalex.org/W2164121020","https://openalex.org/W2145559838","https://openalex.org/W2905319430","https://openalex.org/W3116498279","https://openalex.org/W4287549553","https://openalex.org/W4310285384","https://openalex.org/W3183027292","https://openalex.org/W4248896073","https://openalex.org/W2974871044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Class-Incremental":[0,105],"Learning":[1,106],"(CIL)":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,53,78,115,152,191],"train":[5],"a":[6,104,134,147],"reliable":[7],"model":[8,51,76],"with":[9,118,177,188],"the":[10,50,70,75,84,126,154,161,171,178,186,193],"streaming":[11,42,180],"data,":[12,182],"which":[13,123,165],"emerges":[14],"unknown":[15,47,64],"classes":[16,72],"sequentially.":[17],"Different":[18],"from":[19],"traditional":[20,89],"closed":[21],"set":[22],"learning,":[23],"CIL":[24,90],"has":[25],"two":[26,97],"main":[27],"challenges:":[28],"(1)":[29],"Novel":[30],"class":[31,140],"detection.":[32],"The":[33],"initial":[34],"training":[35],"data":[36,44],"only":[37,55],"contains":[38],"incomplete":[39],"classes,":[40,59],"and":[41,128,132],"test":[43,181],"will":[45],"accept":[46],"classes.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"needs":[52,77],"not":[54,93],"accurately":[56],"classify":[57],"known":[58],"but":[60],"also":[61],"effectively":[62],"detect":[63],"classes;":[65],"(2)":[66],"Model":[67],"expansion.":[68],"After":[69],"novel":[71,139],"are":[73],"detected,":[74],"be":[79],"updated":[80],"without":[81,107],"re-training":[82],"using":[83],"entire":[85],"previous":[86],"data.":[87],"However,":[88],"methods":[91],"have":[92],"fully":[94],"considered":[95],"these":[96],"challenges.":[98],"To":[99],"this":[100],"end,":[101],"we":[102],"propose":[103],"Forgetting":[108],"(CILF)":[109],"framework.":[110],"In":[111],"detail,":[112],"CILF":[113,145,183],"designs":[114],"regularize":[116],"classification":[117],"decoupled":[119],"prototype":[120],"based":[121],"loss,":[122],"can":[124,168,184],"improve":[125],"intra-class":[127],"inter-class":[129],"structure":[130],"significantly,":[131],"acquire":[133],"compact":[135],"embedding":[136,172],"representation":[137],"for":[138],"detection":[141],"in":[142,164,173],"result.":[143],"Then,":[144],"employs":[146],"learnable":[148],"curriculum":[149,166],"clustering":[150],"operator":[151,167],"estimate":[153],"number":[155],"of":[156],"semantic":[157],"clusters":[158],"via":[159],"fine-tuning":[160],"learned":[162],"network,":[163],"adaptively":[169],"learn":[170],"self-taught":[174],"form.":[175],"Last,":[176],"labeled":[179],"update":[185],"network":[187],"robust":[189],"regularization":[190],"mitigate":[192],"catastrophic":[194],"forgetting.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
