{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175034459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3090253","title":"How Context or Knowledge Can Benefit Healthcare Question Answering","display_name":"How Context or Knowledge Can Benefit Healthcare Question Answering","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175034459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3090253","mag":"3175034459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3090253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3090253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/How_Context_or_Knowledge_Can_Benefit_Healthcare_Question_Answering_/27545244","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698410","display_name":"Xiaoli Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-0548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, 361005 (e-mail: xlwang@xmu.edu.cn)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, 361005 (e-mail: xlwang@xmu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100683469","display_name":"Feng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0448-3462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, (e-mail: jessyluo02@gmail.com)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, (e-mail: jessyluo02@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101441248","display_name":"Qingfeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-9015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, (e-mail: qfwu@xmu.edu.cn)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, 12466 Xiamen, Fujian, China, (e-mail: qfwu@xmu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080660416","display_name":"Zhifeng Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-381X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095297","display_name":"MIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v140q16","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095297"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU","MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, RMIT University, 5376 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, (e-mail: zhifeng.bao@rmit.edu.au)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, RMIT University, 5376 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, (e-mail: zhifeng.bao@rmit.edu.au)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095297","https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81107962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8833349943161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6404232978820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5939626097679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.5895347595214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5546188950538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.551264226436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5299768447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.46279168128967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4469882845878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4461890459060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.439853310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4191851317882538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4065002501010895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32990866899490356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8833349943161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6404232978820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5939626097679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5895347595214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5546188950538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.551264226436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5299768447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.46279168128967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4469882845878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4461890459060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.439853310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4191851317882538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4065002501010895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32990866899490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3090253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2021.3090253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27545244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/How_Context_or_Knowledge_Can_Benefit_Healthcare_Question_Answering_/27545244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27545244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/How_Context_or_Knowledge_Can_Benefit_Healthcare_Question_Answering_/27545244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2778051744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1172683740","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1992034625","https://openalex.org/W2019971182","https://openalex.org/W2054070929","https://openalex.org/W2079716388","https://openalex.org/W2083508718","https://openalex.org/W2100341149","https://openalex.org/W2101746535","https://openalex.org/W2108574809","https://openalex.org/W2127795553","https://openalex.org/W2136189984","https://openalex.org/W2186845332","https://openalex.org/W2265289447","https://openalex.org/W2286300105","https://openalex.org/W2470818894","https://openalex.org/W2536015822","https://openalex.org/W2538374209","https://openalex.org/W2539671052","https://openalex.org/W2584356431","https://openalex.org/W2648699835","https://openalex.org/W2759136286","https://openalex.org/W2798835007","https://openalex.org/W2851948290","https://openalex.org/W2890701696","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2913640436","https://openalex.org/W2915623326","https://openalex.org/W2922386288","https://openalex.org/W2922551710","https://openalex.org/W2940927814","https://openalex.org/W2949053898","https://openalex.org/W2950201825","https://openalex.org/W2950985889","https://openalex.org/W2951359136","https://openalex.org/W2953356739","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963488798","https://openalex.org/W2964012472","https://openalex.org/W2970723181","https://openalex.org/W2982244969","https://openalex.org/W2985639757","https://openalex.org/W2988869004","https://openalex.org/W2993055513","https://openalex.org/W3004392311","https://openalex.org/W3012840110","https://openalex.org/W3013838212","https://openalex.org/W3015332634","https://openalex.org/W3021887096","https://openalex.org/W3022382967","https://openalex.org/W3034279609","https://openalex.org/W3034456481","https://openalex.org/W3101540747","https://openalex.org/W3102100530","https://openalex.org/W3102286003","https://openalex.org/W3103251620","https://openalex.org/W3106224367","https://openalex.org/W4288347855","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6678830454","https://openalex.org/W6685160515","https://openalex.org/W6753127804","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6760540336","https://openalex.org/W6760776014","https://openalex.org/W6762945437","https://openalex.org/W6767299911","https://openalex.org/W6767844612","https://openalex.org/W6769738907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051167396","https://openalex.org/W1893928041","https://openalex.org/W2163901716","https://openalex.org/W4287690154","https://openalex.org/W219090214","https://openalex.org/W1504101963","https://openalex.org/W173642000","https://openalex.org/W2612411726","https://openalex.org/W1792766174","https://openalex.org/W314509693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Healthcare":[0],"question":[1],"answering":[2],"(HQA)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,38,85],"challenging":[6],"task":[7],"as":[8,30],"questions":[9],"are":[10,16,32,73,158,191],"generally":[11,33],"non-factoid.":[12],"Recent":[13],"neural":[14,39,67,97],"systems":[15,45,59],"reported":[17],"to":[18,28,36,49,89,110,122,142,160],"have":[19,46,60],"performance":[20,181],"gains.":[21],"However,":[22],"little":[23],"attention":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26,47,62],"given":[27],"HQA":[29,170],"datasets":[31],"too":[34],"small":[35,111],"train":[37],"model":[40,88],"from":[41,106,119],"scratch.":[42],"Recently,":[43],"several":[44],"proposed":[48],"learn":[50,116],"context":[51,92,103,147],"representations":[52],"for":[53,126,139],"HQA.":[54],"Despite":[55],"moderate":[56],"progress,":[57],"these":[58],"not":[61],"thoroughly":[63],"compared":[64],"with":[65,164],"state-of-the-art":[66,137,180],"models,":[68],"and":[69,93,168,185],"the":[70,81,146,179],"mentioned":[71],"models":[72],"tested":[74],"only":[75],"on":[76,182],"self-created":[77],"datasets.":[78,113,187],"To":[79,130],"address":[80],"challenges,":[82],"we":[83,101,115,134],"develop":[84],"new":[86],"joint":[87],"incorporate":[90],"both":[91,153,183],"knowledge":[94,117,120,149],"embeddings":[95],"into":[96],"ranking":[98],"architectures.":[99],"First,":[100],"adapt":[102,135],"embedding":[104,118],"pre-trained":[105],"large":[107],"open-domain":[108],"corpus":[109],"healthcare":[112],"Second,":[114],"graphs":[121],"provide":[123],"external":[124],"information":[125,150],"understanding":[127],"non-factoid":[128],"questions.":[129],"evaluate":[131],"our":[132,162,176],"framework,":[133],"many":[136],"methods":[138,167],"general":[140],"QA":[141],"HQA,":[143],"by":[144],"injecting":[145],"or":[148,152],"only,":[151],"of":[154],"them.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"conducted":[159],"compare":[161],"approach":[163,177],"those":[165],"adapted":[166],"current":[169],"systems.":[171],"The":[172,188],"results":[173],"show":[174],"that":[175],"achieves":[178],"HealthQA":[184],"NFCorpus":[186],"source":[189],"codes":[190],"available":[192],"at":[193],"https://github.com/emmali808/HQADeepHelper.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
