{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088611441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3025580","title":"Deep Learning for Spatio-Temporal Data Mining: A Survey","display_name":"Deep Learning for Spatio-Temporal Data Mining: A Survey","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088611441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3025580","mag":"3088611441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2020.3025580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3025580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035708362","display_name":"Senzhang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3615-4859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Senzhang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740023","display_name":"Jiannong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-2529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiannong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036357902","display_name":"Philip S. Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-5968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip S. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035708362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.7956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":739,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99980352,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"8","first_page":"3681","last_page":"3700"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8069714903831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.726813554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5727309584617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5483407378196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5287377834320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5132603645324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5052068829536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5036382079124451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5035030245780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4568323791027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.44532907009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4113655686378479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8069714903831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.726813554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5727309584617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5483407378196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5287377834320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5132603645324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5052068829536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5036382079124451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5035030245780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4568323791027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.44532907009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4113655686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2020.3025580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3025580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1568054941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"III-1763325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G49828677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"III-1909323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6296734503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NZ2020014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G904037409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SaTC-1930941","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":202,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1457602677","https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1641696774","https://openalex.org/W1850843018","https://openalex.org/W1968311321","https://openalex.org/W1972498024","https://openalex.org/W1983168266","https://openalex.org/W2036785686","https://openalex.org/W2051265785","https://openalex.org/W2062017159","https://openalex.org/W2063292591","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2105482032","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2129336810","https://openalex.org/W2154002592","https://openalex.org/W2161006174","https://openalex.org/W2165991108","https://openalex.org/W2284198383","https://openalex.org/W2325276834","https://openalex.org/W2330318528","https://openalex.org/W2345707736","https://openalex.org/W2425730056","https://openalex.org/W2464843777","https://openalex.org/W2472954632","https://openalex.org/W2504266609","https://openalex.org/W2516731739","https://openalex.org/W2519750370","https://openalex.org/W2521003103","https://openalex.org/W2525157777","https://openalex.org/W2526041356","https://openalex.org/W2526511911","https://openalex.org/W2528639018","https://openalex.org/W2529827714","https://openalex.org/W2530386080","https://openalex.org/W2531473348","https://openalex.org/W2539781657","https://openalex.org/W2541933303","https://openalex.org/W2550245413","https://openalex.org/W2559001317","https://openalex.org/W2566291216","https://openalex.org/W2566482757","https://openalex.org/W2574038793","https://openalex.org/W2579495707","https://openalex.org/W2580596898","https://openalex.org/W2583466634","https://openalex.org/W2593182953","https://openalex.org/W2593239008","https://openalex.org/W2594353256","https://openalex.org/W2606407262","https://openalex.org/W2609649633","https://openalex.org/W2614121823","https://openalex.org/W2615006396","https://openalex.org/W2618995589","https://openalex.org/W2624190409","https://openalex.org/W2625749968","https://openalex.org/W2695874637","https://openalex.org/W2732126315","https://openalex.org/W2734775449","https://openalex.org/W2741206673","https://openalex.org/W2741460999","https://openalex.org/W2746329898","https://openalex.org/W2750303327","https://openalex.org/W2751448972","https://openalex.org/W2751527031","https://openalex.org/W2752558629","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2767264170","https://openalex.org/W2767923185","https://openalex.org/W2771098373","https://openalex.org/W2772724270","https://openalex.org/W2774501104","https://openalex.org/W2782920454","https://openalex.org/W2783204403","https://openalex.org/W2783643010","https://openalex.org/W2786997513","https://openalex.org/W2788114581","https://openalex.org/W2788134583","https://openalex.org/W2788167626","https://openalex.org/W2788381291","https://openalex.org/W2788997482","https://openalex.org/W2789485833","https://openalex.org/W2790114420","https://openalex.org/W2793062606","https://openalex.org/W2794492456","https://openalex.org/W2795016801","https://openalex.org/W2795577446","https://openalex.org/W2795847383","https://openalex.org/W2798249343","https://openalex.org/W2800082313","https://openalex.org/W2800437387","https://openalex.org/W2803408063","https://openalex.org/W2807729903","https://openalex.org/W2807855639","https://openalex.org/W2807894308","https://openalex.org/W2808113502","https://openalex.org/W2808255594","https://openalex.org/W2808377988","https://openalex.org/W2808425487","https://openalex.org/W2808535700","https://openalex.org/W2808862972","https://openalex.org/W2808871417","https://openalex.org/W2809334854","https://openalex.org/W2809444759","https://openalex.org/W2809623940","https://openalex.org/W2809710708","https://openalex.org/W2862340573","https://openalex.org/W2883073525","https://openalex.org/W2883786748","https://openalex.org/W2884738862","https://openalex.org/W2885178111","https://openalex.org/W2885354784","https://openalex.org/W2885453527","https://openalex.org/W2886287742","https://openalex.org/W2886377823","https://openalex.org/W2890034837","https://openalex.org/W2890385714","https://openalex.org/W2891418168","https://openalex.org/W2893116530","https://openalex.org/W2895806569","https://openalex.org/W2896118970","https://openalex.org/W2896393885","https://openalex.org/W2897079037","https://openalex.org/W2898788157","https://openalex.org/W2898796705","https://openalex.org/W2899178888","https://openalex.org/W2899220442","https://openalex.org/W2899911116","https://openalex.org/W2900471328","https://openalex.org/W2900615125","https://openalex.org/W2901165057","https://openalex.org/W2901188091","https://openalex.org/W2901471513","https://openalex.org/W2903640490","https://openalex.org/W2903797436","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W2904349291","https://openalex.org/W2904430055","https://openalex.org/W2904449562","https://openalex.org/W2904813135","https://openalex.org/W2904832339","https://openalex.org/W2905432015","https://openalex.org/W2905442144","https://openalex.org/W2906257585","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2907639449","https://openalex.org/W2911392324","https://openalex.org/W2911535719","https://openalex.org/W2911752602","https://openalex.org/W2922146383","https://openalex.org/W2946160394","https://openalex.org/W2949732208","https://openalex.org/W2950619241","https://openalex.org/W2950817888","https://openalex.org/W2951065015","https://openalex.org/W2952046647","https://openalex.org/W2952734551","https://openalex.org/W2952785130","https://openalex.org/W2962790412","https://openalex.org/W2962834725","https://openalex.org/W2963024417","https://openalex.org/W2963048283","https://openalex.org/W2963084334","https://openalex.org/W2963214893","https://openalex.org/W2963341661","https://openalex.org/W2964053796","https://openalex.org/W2964057288","https://openalex.org/W2964266449","https://openalex.org/W2964319113","https://openalex.org/W2966783050","https://openalex.org/W2967781079","https://openalex.org/W2968672409","https://openalex.org/W2973201950","https://openalex.org/W2978023058","https://openalex.org/W2983165041","https://openalex.org/W2994901268","https://openalex.org/W2996061341","https://openalex.org/W2997653844","https://openalex.org/W2998409174","https://openalex.org/W3004001630","https://openalex.org/W3031475799","https://openalex.org/W3088534846","https://openalex.org/W3099751368","https://openalex.org/W3102696737","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3104445526","https://openalex.org/W4292919422","https://openalex.org/W6679257595","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6704619736","https://openalex.org/W6729601573","https://openalex.org/W6729895595","https://openalex.org/W6731786745","https://openalex.org/W6739112683","https://openalex.org/W6744040980","https://openalex.org/W6745526139","https://openalex.org/W6745829810","https://openalex.org/W6746015598","https://openalex.org/W6749790333","https://openalex.org/W6755292704","https://openalex.org/W6759716457","https://openalex.org/W6760865511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2735662278","https://openalex.org/W2382615723","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W1987484445","https://openalex.org/W2623658258","https://openalex.org/W2143413548","https://openalex.org/W1969219540","https://openalex.org/W2370459448","https://openalex.org/W4399531511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,55,104,153,164,181,186,191,197,227],"fast":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,60,140,183,199,229],"various":[5,118],"positioning":[6],"techniques":[7,147],"such":[8,75,84,124],"as":[9,85,125],"Global":[10],"Position":[11],"System":[12],"(GPS),":[13],"mobile":[14],"devices":[15],"and":[16,51,58,90,112,130,160,190,222,232],"remote":[17],"sensing,":[18],"spatio-temporal":[19,30,61,119,154,184],"data":[20,31,62,66,76,120,155,187],"has":[21],"become":[22],"increasingly":[23],"available":[24],"nowadays.":[25],"Mining":[26],"valuable":[27],"knowledge":[28],"from":[29],"is":[32],"critically":[33],"important":[34],"to":[35,103],"many":[36,100],"real-world":[37],"applications":[38,198],"including":[39,207],"human":[40,215],"mobility":[41],"understanding,":[42],"smart":[43],"transportation,":[44,208],"urban":[45],"planning,":[46],"public":[47],"safety,":[48],"health":[49],"care":[50],"environmental":[52],"management.":[53],"As":[54],"number,":[56],"volume":[57],"resolution":[59],"increase":[63],"rapidly,":[64],"traditional":[65],"mining":[67,121,188],"methods,":[68],"especially":[69],"statistics-based":[70],"methods":[71],"for":[72,148,202],"dealing":[73],"with":[74],"are":[77,113,169],"becoming":[78],"overwhelmed.":[79],"Recently":[80],"deep":[81,145,165,192,200],"learning":[82,146,166,193,201],"models":[83,167],"recurrent":[86],"neural":[87,92],"network":[88,93],"(RNN)":[89],"convolutional":[91],"(CNN)":[94],"have":[95],"achieved":[96],"remarkable":[97],"success":[98],"in":[99,107,117,143,172,204],"domains":[101,206],"due":[102],"powerful":[105],"ability":[106],"automatic":[108],"feature":[109],"representation":[110],"learning,":[111,127],"also":[114],"widely":[115,170],"applied":[116],"(STDM)":[122],"tasks":[123],"predictive":[126],"anomaly":[128],"detection":[129],"classification.":[131],"In":[132],"this":[133],"paper,":[134],"we":[135,175,225],"provide":[136],"a":[137],"comprehensive":[138],"review":[139],"recent":[141],"progress":[142],"applying":[144],"STDM.":[149,173],"We":[150],"first":[151],"categorize":[152],"into":[156],"five":[157],"different":[158,205],"types,":[159],"then":[161],"briefly":[162],"introduce":[163],"that":[168],"used":[171],"Next,":[174],"classify":[176],"existing":[177],"literature":[178],"based":[179],"on":[180],"types":[182],"data,":[185],"tasks,":[189],"models,":[194],"followed":[195],"by":[196],"STDM":[203],"on-demand":[209],"service,":[210],"climate":[211],"&":[212],"weather":[213],"analysis,":[214,221],"mobility,":[216],"location-based":[217],"social":[218],"network,":[219],"crime":[220],"neuroscience.":[223],"Finally,":[224],"conclude":[226],"limitations":[228],"current":[230],"research":[231,236],"point":[233],"out":[234],"future":[235],"directions.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":175},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":176},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":142},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}