{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039650164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3005878","title":"Interpretation of Structural Preservation in Low-Dimensional Embeddings","display_name":"Interpretation of Structural Preservation in Low-Dimensional Embeddings","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039650164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3005878","mag":"3039650164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2020.3005878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3005878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022645420","display_name":"Aindrila Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-9491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aindrila Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032311062","display_name":"Mona Nashaat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-5757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona Nashaat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030495591","display_name":"James Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031825849","display_name":"Shaikh Quader","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113654","display_name":"IBM (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/025sxka56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210113654"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaikh Quader","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Toronto Software Lab, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Toronto Software Lab, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113654"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022645420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78180731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"5","first_page":"2227","last_page":"2240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7800171375274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.7670966386795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7328590750694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5970383286476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5285595655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.5269989371299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.5003187656402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.49835968017578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4938519597053528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38486000895500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38278383016586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36416324973106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3603496849536896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7800171375274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.7670966386795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7328590750694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5970383286476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5285595655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.5269989371299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.5003187656402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.49835968017578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4938519597053528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38486000895500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38278383016586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36416324973106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3603496849536896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2020.3005878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3005878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1608373179","https://openalex.org/W1945230793","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1981325128","https://openalex.org/W1993436046","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2004650231","https://openalex.org/W2018342164","https://openalex.org/W2026905436","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2056884786","https://openalex.org/W2060300932","https://openalex.org/W2077776048","https://openalex.org/W2079272025","https://openalex.org/W2129201001","https://openalex.org/W2137570937","https://openalex.org/W2138751073","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2162825485","https://openalex.org/W2163825541","https://openalex.org/W2187313577","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2323909273","https://openalex.org/W2398697463","https://openalex.org/W2517066960","https://openalex.org/W2542768043","https://openalex.org/W2553981914","https://openalex.org/W2575781893","https://openalex.org/W2753615759","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2789668024","https://openalex.org/W2887976008","https://openalex.org/W2888244365","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2902652978","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2968378480","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6680962578","https://openalex.org/W6683389101","https://openalex.org/W6712062058","https://openalex.org/W6730169232","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6748816842","https://openalex.org/W6749988447","https://openalex.org/W6755291294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375574759","https://openalex.org/W2383239174","https://openalex.org/W3088634662","https://openalex.org/W117517268","https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1489327846","https://openalex.org/W1996633793","https://openalex.org/W2931531042","https://openalex.org/W4287375746","https://openalex.org/W2166963679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"being":[1],"commonly":[2],"used":[3],"in":[4,35,52,137,180],"big-data":[5],"analytics;":[6],"the":[7,21,36,46,62,109,117,129,149,154,157,174,177,182,192],"outcome":[8],"of":[9,17,23,65,75,108,133,148,156,176,184],"dimensionality":[10,49,97,195],"reduction":[11,50,98,196],"remains":[12],"a":[13,24,53,70,105,121,134,145],"black-box":[14],"to":[15,44,112],"most":[16,47,193],"its":[18,138],"users.":[19],"Understanding":[20],"quality":[22,183],"low-dimensional":[25,90,185],"embedding":[26],"is":[27,68],"important":[28],"as":[29,187,189],"not":[30],"only":[31],"it":[32,40],"enables":[33],"trust":[34],"transformed":[37],"data,":[38],"but":[39],"can":[41],"also":[42],"help":[43],"select":[45],"appropriate":[48],"algorithm":[51,197],"given":[54,200],"scenario.":[55],"As":[56],"existing":[57],"research":[58],"primarily":[59],"focuses":[60],"on":[61,116],"visual":[63],"exploration":[64],"embeddings,":[66,186],"there":[67],"still":[69],"need":[71],"for":[72,89,120,198],"enhancing":[73],"interpretability":[74],"such":[76],"algorithms.":[77],"To":[78],"bridge":[79],"this":[80],"gap,":[81],"we":[82],"propose":[83],"two":[84],"novel":[85],"interactive":[86],"explanation":[87],"techniques":[88,159,179],"embeddings":[91],"obtained":[92],"from":[93,144],"<italic":[94],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[95],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">any</i>":[96],"algorithm.":[99],"The":[100,124],"first":[101],"technique":[102],"LAPS":[103],"produces":[104],"local":[106],"approximation":[107],"neighborhood":[110],"structure":[111,132],"generate":[113],"interpretable":[114],"explanations":[115],"preserved":[118],"locality":[119],"single":[122],"instance.":[123],"second":[125],"method":[126],"GAPS":[127],"explains":[128],"retained":[130],"global":[131],"high-dimensional":[135],"dataset":[136],"embedding,":[139],"by":[140],"combining":[141],"non-redundant":[142],"local-approximations":[143],"coarse":[146],"discretization":[147],"projection":[150],"space.":[151],"We":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"applicability":[155],"proposed":[158,178],"using":[160],"16":[161],"real-life":[162],"tabular,":[163],"text,":[164],"image,":[165],"and":[166],"audio":[167],"datasets.":[168],"Our":[169],"extensive":[170],"experimental":[171],"evaluation":[172],"shows":[173],"utility":[175],"interpreting":[181],"well":[188],"with":[190],"selecting":[191],"suitable":[194],"any":[199],"dataset.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}