{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011594683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.2981314","title":"A Survey on Deep Learning for Named Entity Recognition","display_name":"A Survey on Deep Learning for Named Entity Recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011594683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.2981314","mag":"3011594683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2020.2981314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.2981314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100683044","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-3734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116052","display_name":"Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/02664zk40","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116052"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-3734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618738","display_name":"Aixin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0764-4258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aixin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0764-4258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079602442","display_name":"Jianglei Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianglei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAP, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAP, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734069","display_name":"Chenliang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-6374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-6374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":110.1501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1513,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99965685,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"50","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8247250318527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.7497997283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.7395137548446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.691501796245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6907907128334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6487752199172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5029622912406921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4766170084476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.41294047236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.41230854392051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40735483169555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.39904388785362244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8247250318527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.7497997283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.7395137548446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.691501796245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6907907128334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6487752199172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5029622912406921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4766170084476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.41294047236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.41230854392051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40735483169555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.39904388785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2020.2981314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.2981314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":261,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11298561","https://openalex.org/W24163152","https://openalex.org/W71237371","https://openalex.org/W75790607","https://openalex.org/W173870552","https://openalex.org/W185041730","https://openalex.org/W1502473750","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1520377376","https://openalex.org/W1532940542","https://openalex.org/W1533057952","https://openalex.org/W1543884596","https://openalex.org/W1568620938","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1940872118","https://openalex.org/W1976339715","https://openalex.org/W1982982698","https://openalex.org/W1999897823","https://openalex.org/W2004384146","https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2020278455","https://openalex.org/W2034921015","https://openalex.org/W2045993505","https://openalex.org/W2050331639","https://openalex.org/W2068882115","https://openalex.org/W2070808142","https://openalex.org/W2073078154","https://openalex.org/W2080856991","https://openalex.org/W2088212442","https://openalex.org/W2098057544","https://openalex.org/W2098700435","https://openalex.org/W2101553882","https://openalex.org/W2103076621","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2111362445","https://openalex.org/W2114361266","https://openalex.org/W2117079628","https://openalex.org/W2117813082","https://openalex.org/W2119759918","https://openalex.org/W2123512824","https://openalex.org/W2123556395","https://openalex.org/W2124657827","https://openalex.org/W2128313564","https://openalex.org/W2140988362","https://openalex.org/W2141099517","https://openalex.org/W2141869602","https://openalex.org/W2143345705","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2144896964","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2148540243","https://openalex.org/W2153848201","https://openalex.org/W2155061451","https://openalex.org/W2155069789","https://openalex.org/W2163918411","https://openalex.org/W2164986850","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2251239360","https://openalex.org/W2251640092","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2296452361","https://openalex.org/W2308486447","https://openalex.org/W2310425190","https://openalex.org/W2337748376","https://openalex.org/W2340462169","https://openalex.org/W2398489001","https://openalex.org/W2398591267","https://openalex.org/W2406204547","https://openalex.org/W2406945108","https://openalex.org/W2407338347","https://openalex.org/W2461708311","https://openalex.org/W2474198877","https://openalex.org/W2510830743","https://openalex.org/W2513388359","https://openalex.org/W2513515027","https://openalex.org/W2528773445","https://openalex.org/W2533179929","https://openalex.org/W2547450774","https://openalex.org/W2560939934","https://openalex.org/W2564425030","https://openalex.org/W2574163994","https://openalex.org/W2574939523","https://openalex.org/W2592329103","https://openalex.org/W2612259802","https://openalex.org/W2613831280","https://openalex.org/W2615487675","https://openalex.org/W2617021727","https://openalex.org/W2736776866","https://openalex.org/W2740006839","https://openalex.org/W2740064817","https://openalex.org/W2743028754","https://openalex.org/W2756253150","https://openalex.org/W2756381707","https://openalex.org/W2757016069","https://openalex.org/W2757168963","https://openalex.org/W2757931374","https://openalex.org/W2758765981","https://openalex.org/W2759245808","https://openalex.org/W2759396502","https://openalex.org/W2760505947","https://openalex.org/W2761825298","https://openalex.org/W2763129449","https://openalex.org/W2763401128","https://openalex.org/W2768645204","https://openalex.org/W2785349534","https://openalex.org/W2785787385","https://openalex.org/W2785952199","https://openalex.org/W2788647998","https://openalex.org/W2791193613","https://openalex.org/W2798298921","https://openalex.org/W2798778171","https://openalex.org/W2798839675","https://openalex.org/W2803609931","https://openalex.org/W2803853046","https://openalex.org/W2804221886","https://openalex.org/W2806734715","https://openalex.org/W2806965196","https://openalex.org/W2807800730","https://openalex.org/W2807938752","https://openalex.org/W2808142148","https://openalex.org/W2808393080","https://openalex.org/W2812538530","https://openalex.org/W2857028992","https://openalex.org/W2880875857","https://openalex.org/W2883775990","https://openalex.org/W2884705011","https://openalex.org/W2886093254","https://openalex.org/W2889191148","https://openalex.org/W2889526258","https://openalex.org/W2890459330","https://openalex.org/W2890494294","https://openalex.org/W2895158256","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2915716523","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921863388","https://openalex.org/W2933138175","https://openalex.org/W2945236904","https://openalex.org/W2949176808","https://openalex.org/W2949257977","https://openalex.org/W2949759300","https://openalex.org/W2950240316","https://openalex.org/W2950938254","https://openalex.org/W2951221758","https://openalex.org/W2951820126","https://openalex.org/W2951911250","https://openalex.org/W2952112859","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2952639207","https://openalex.org/W2953356739","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962771595","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W2962904552","https://openalex.org/W2962906565","https://openalex.org/W2962982907","https://openalex.org/W2963024368","https://openalex.org/W2963045354","https://openalex.org/W2963084773","https://openalex.org/W2963140597","https://openalex.org/W2963339489","https://openalex.org/W2963369167","https://openalex.org/W2963406669","https://openalex.org/W2963563735","https://openalex.org/W2963571188","https://openalex.org/W2963571583","https://openalex.org/W2963598923","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2963706742","https://openalex.org/W2963738950","https://openalex.org/W2963917673","https://openalex.org/W2963971244","https://openalex.org/W2963972328","https://openalex.org/W2964229180","https://openalex.org/W2964351784","https://openalex.org/W2965435509","https://openalex.org/W2970119519","https://openalex.org/W2970400306","https://openalex.org/W2970463839","https://openalex.org/W2970509139","https://openalex.org/W2970913210","https://openalex.org/W2971071849","https://openalex.org/W2989311894","https://openalex.org/W2997868155","https://openalex.org/W2998017003","https://openalex.org/W2998098272","https://openalex.org/W3034328552","https://openalex.org/W3035625205","https://openalex.org/W3088104242","https://openalex.org/W3099823079","https://openalex.org/W3100276395","https://openalex.org/W3106312823","https://openalex.org/W3147254695","https://openalex.org/W4205355130","https://openalex.org/W4206498464","https://openalex.org/W4206723194","https://openalex.org/W4211245804","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4294385753","https://openalex.org/W4294635415","https://openalex.org/W4297748452","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6600479677","https://openalex.org/W6600995651","https://openalex.org/W6602917193","https://openalex.org/W6603064412","https://openalex.org/W6607585944","https://openalex.org/W6630088603","https://openalex.org/W6632313477","https://openalex.org/W6634060907","https://openalex.org/W6634990400","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6640362995","https://openalex.org/W6675366379","https://openalex.org/W6677069268","https://openalex.org/W6677771139","https://openalex.org/W6678414869","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6682707525","https://openalex.org/W6683166357","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6686513900","https://openalex.org/W6694937651","https://openalex.org/W6698204877","https://openalex.org/W6712092805","https://openalex.org/W6712207982","https://openalex.org/W6713647626","https://openalex.org/W6714112401","https://openalex.org/W6725207838","https://openalex.org/W6730033830","https://openalex.org/W6731878076","https://openalex.org/W6732291820","https://openalex.org/W6736175030","https://openalex.org/W6737308841","https://openalex.org/W6738256779","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6740378882","https://openalex.org/W6744233811","https://openalex.org/W6744760500","https://openalex.org/W6747435310","https://openalex.org/W6748081988","https://openalex.org/W6748148878","https://openalex.org/W6748181105","https://openalex.org/W6749164303","https://openalex.org/W6752324926","https://openalex.org/W6752597651","https://openalex.org/W6752622724","https://openalex.org/W6752788575","https://openalex.org/W6752799507","https://openalex.org/W6752909555","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6765642632","https://openalex.org/W6766821186","https://openalex.org/W6769640450","https://openalex.org/W6770532962","https://openalex.org/W6770750215","https://openalex.org/W6770791583","https://openalex.org/W6783085441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366403280","https://openalex.org/W1495108544","https://openalex.org/W3148229873","https://openalex.org/W4214678372","https://openalex.org/W1605559518","https://openalex.org/W4214601164","https://openalex.org/W4284703357","https://openalex.org/W2912861491","https://openalex.org/W173870552","https://openalex.org/W2167202928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Named":[0],"entity":[1],"recognition":[2],"(NER)":[3],"is":[4],"the":[5,30,58,148,171],"task":[6],"to":[7,16],"identify":[8],"mentions":[9],"of":[10,60,156],"rigid":[11],"designators":[12],"from":[13],"text":[14,41],"belonging":[15],"predefined":[17],"semantic":[18,81],"types":[19],"such":[20,37],"as":[21,29,38],"person,":[22],"location,":[23],"organization":[24],"etc.":[25],"NER":[26,47,90,113,117,121,161,175],"always":[27],"serves":[28],"foundation":[31],"for":[32,108,138,152],"many":[33],"natural":[34],"language":[35],"applications":[36],"question":[39],"answering,":[40],"summarization,":[42],"and":[43,67,80,119,142,164,177],"machine":[44],"translation.":[45],"Early":[46],"systems":[48,176],"got":[49],"a":[50,100,131],"huge":[51],"success":[52],"in":[53,63,89,159,181],"achieving":[54],"good":[55],"performance":[56],"with":[57,170],"cost":[59],"human":[61],"engineering":[62],"designing":[64],"domain-specific":[65],"features":[66],"rules.":[68],"In":[69,95],"recent":[70,153],"years,":[71],"deep":[72,105,157],"learning,":[73],"empowered":[74],"by":[75,174],"continuous":[76],"real-valued":[77],"vector":[78],"representations":[79,137],"composition":[82],"through":[83],"nonlinear":[84],"processing,":[85],"has":[86],"been":[87],"employed":[88],"systems,":[91],"yielding":[92],"stat-of-the-art":[93],"performance.":[94],"this":[96,182],"paper,":[97],"we":[98,124,146,167],"provide":[99],"comprehensive":[101],"review":[102],"on":[103,130],"existing":[104,127],"learning":[106,158],"techniques":[107,155],"NER.":[109],"We":[110],"first":[111],"introduce":[112],"resources,":[114],"including":[115],"tagged":[116],"corpora":[118],"off-the-shelf":[120],"tools.":[122],"Then,":[123],"systematically":[125],"categorize":[126],"works":[128],"based":[129],"taxonomy":[132],"along":[133],"three":[134],"axes:":[135],"distributed":[136],"input,":[139],"context":[140],"encoder,":[141],"tag":[143],"decoder.":[144],"Next,":[145],"survey":[147],"most":[149],"representative":[150],"methods":[151],"applied":[154],"new":[160],"problem":[162],"settings":[163],"applications.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"present":[168],"readers":[169],"challenges":[172],"faced":[173],"outline":[178],"future":[179],"directions":[180],"area.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":124},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":259},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":300},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":358},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":234},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
