{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151673632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2014.2298018","title":"E-Tree: An Efficient Indexing Structure for Ensemble Models on Data Streams","display_name":"E-Tree: An Efficient Indexing Structure for Ensemble Models on Data Streams","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151673632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2014.2298018","mag":"2151673632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2014.2298018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2014.2298018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364041","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-2746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085319576","display_name":"Chuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-8673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396076","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-4686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110667925","display_name":"Byron J. Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byron J. Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084641325","display_name":"Xingquan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-9611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingquan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675165","display_name":"Li Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9723-3294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.9814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99225198,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"461","last_page":"474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8662930727005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.821404218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.7119247913360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream","display_name":"Data stream","score":0.6837750673294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-drift","display_name":"Concept drift","score":0.661318838596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5960906147956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5916905403137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5130995512008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4824953079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.466659277677536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4617595374584198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4389265775680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.43850177526474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.42807137966156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.41612082719802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40840578079223633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8662930727005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.821404218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.7119247913360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778484313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172540","display_name":"Data stream","level":2,"score":0.6837750673294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.661318838596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5960906147956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5916905403137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5130995512008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4824953079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.466659277677536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4617595374584198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4389265775680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.43850177526474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.42807137966156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.41612082719802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40840578079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2014.2298018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2014.2298018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120118581","https://openalex.org/W1507719695","https://openalex.org/W1516923404","https://openalex.org/W1575097427","https://openalex.org/W1597165973","https://openalex.org/W1633157623","https://openalex.org/W1693491370","https://openalex.org/W1969574535","https://openalex.org/W1975852288","https://openalex.org/W1987429824","https://openalex.org/W1990079212","https://openalex.org/W1993171358","https://openalex.org/W1995358377","https://openalex.org/W2008232316","https://openalex.org/W2009727399","https://openalex.org/W2016159616","https://openalex.org/W2025624833","https://openalex.org/W2031030051","https://openalex.org/W2032596397","https://openalex.org/W2043525538","https://openalex.org/W2068714596","https://openalex.org/W2084689094","https://openalex.org/W2091638028","https://openalex.org/W2096846143","https://openalex.org/W2099794518","https://openalex.org/W2101207848","https://openalex.org/W2105830880","https://openalex.org/W2108271008","https://openalex.org/W2112213707","https://openalex.org/W2115613157","https://openalex.org/W2118269922","https://openalex.org/W2118778444","https://openalex.org/W2121990650","https://openalex.org/W2124199440","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2125555508","https://openalex.org/W2126775366","https://openalex.org/W2127082287","https://openalex.org/W2130416896","https://openalex.org/W2131620262","https://openalex.org/W2146032463","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155776210","https://openalex.org/W2157092487","https://openalex.org/W2162152641","https://openalex.org/W2167122806","https://openalex.org/W2230553583","https://openalex.org/W3109965180","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4234792271","https://openalex.org/W4235130247","https://openalex.org/W6630333510","https://openalex.org/W6631001502","https://openalex.org/W6635600641","https://openalex.org/W6636710603","https://openalex.org/W6679322618","https://openalex.org/W6682969285","https://openalex.org/W6684476820","https://openalex.org/W6689350091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307392573","https://openalex.org/W2802243998","https://openalex.org/W2736127210","https://openalex.org/W2329342202","https://openalex.org/W2574092225","https://openalex.org/W4200217704","https://openalex.org/W2161835057","https://openalex.org/W1521014365","https://openalex.org/W2740428142","https://openalex.org/W2187127952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensemble":[0],"learning":[1,66],"is":[2,102],"a":[3,43,47,96,110,119],"common":[4],"tool":[5],"for":[6,70,123,135],"data":[7,22,74,91,191,203],"stream":[8,21,40,75,81,107],"classification,":[9],"mainly":[10],"because":[11],"of":[12,16,20,46,50,98,208],"its":[13],"inherent":[14],"advantages":[15],"handling":[17],"large":[18,48],"volumes":[19],"and":[23,85,100,147,179,188,195,201],"concept":[24],"drifting.":[25],"Previous":[26],"studies,":[27],"to":[28,104,127,154,162,185],"date,":[29],"have":[30],"been":[31],"primarily":[32],"focused":[33],"on":[34,198],"building":[35],"accurate":[36],"ensemble":[37,55,65,134],"models":[38],"from":[39,67,160],"data.":[41],"However,":[42],"linear":[44,161],"scan":[45],"number":[49],"base":[51,130],"classifiers":[52,131,178],"in":[53,61,109,132],"the":[54,156,166,206],"during":[56],"prediction":[57,158],"incurs":[58],"significant":[59],"costs":[60],"response":[62],"time,":[63],"preventing":[64],"being":[68],"practical":[69],"many":[71],"real-world":[72,202],"time-critical":[73],"applications,":[76,90],"such":[77],"as":[78,144],"Web":[79],"traffic":[80],"monitoring,":[82],"spam":[83],"detection,":[84],"intrusion":[86],"detection.":[87],"In":[88],"these":[89],"streams":[92,204],"usually":[93],"arrive":[94],"at":[95],"speed":[97],"GB/second,":[99],"it":[101],"necessary":[103],"classify":[105],"each":[106],"record":[108],"timely":[111],"manner.":[112],"To":[113],"address":[114],"this":[115],"problem,":[116],"we":[117],"propose":[118],"novel":[120],"Ensemble-tree":[121],"(E-tree":[122],"short)":[124],"indexing":[125],"structure":[126,153],"organize":[128],"all":[129],"an":[133,149],"fast":[136],"prediction.":[137],"On":[138,165],"one":[139],"hand,":[140,168],"E-trees":[141,169],"treat":[142],"ensembles":[143],"spatial":[145],"databases":[146],"employ":[148],"R-tree":[150],"like":[151],"height-balanced":[152],"reduce":[155],"expected":[157],"time":[159],"sub-linear":[163],"complexity.":[164],"other":[167],"can":[170],"be":[171],"automatically":[172],"updated":[173],"by":[174],"continuously":[175],"integrating":[176],"new":[177,186],"discarding":[180],"outdated":[181],"ones,":[182],"well":[183],"adapting":[184],"trends":[187],"patterns":[189],"underneath":[190],"streams.":[192],"Theoretical":[193],"analysis":[194],"empirical":[196],"studies":[197],"both":[199],"synthetic":[200],"demonstrate":[205],"performance":[207],"our":[209],"approach.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}