{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405179180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3512476","title":"Hierarchical Climate Control Framework for Electric Vehicles Considering Door-Opening Event","display_name":"Hierarchical Climate Control Framework for Electric Vehicles Considering Door-Opening Event","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405179180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3512476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2024.3512476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3512476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sanghyeon Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3437-4632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghyeon Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3437-4632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726927","display_name":"Hye-Jin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0142-3406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyejin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014768118","display_name":"Youngki Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-7433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngki Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-7433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012603443","display_name":"Kyoung Hyun Kwak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-1913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyoung hyun Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-1913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014408311","display_name":"Kyoungseok Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyoungseok Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automotive Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Automotive Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automotive Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automotive Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2216322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"5066","last_page":"5078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14156","display_name":"Engineering Applied Research","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6008172631263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5464484095573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38841527700424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3611246943473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12202984094619751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6008172631263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5464484095573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38841527700424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3611246943473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12202984094619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2024.3512476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3512476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515261054","https://openalex.org/W1993229957","https://openalex.org/W2049527112","https://openalex.org/W2078835446","https://openalex.org/W2195185576","https://openalex.org/W2260322208","https://openalex.org/W2536218669","https://openalex.org/W2910635287","https://openalex.org/W2955724600","https://openalex.org/W3022422280","https://openalex.org/W3038256288","https://openalex.org/W3094118233","https://openalex.org/W3125555796","https://openalex.org/W3166710142","https://openalex.org/W3189275896","https://openalex.org/W3208955942","https://openalex.org/W3213565887","https://openalex.org/W4220716924","https://openalex.org/W4226279475","https://openalex.org/W4312201494","https://openalex.org/W4318200368","https://openalex.org/W4362667503","https://openalex.org/W4366979445","https://openalex.org/W4376607399","https://openalex.org/W4384916827","https://openalex.org/W4391912252","https://openalex.org/W4400644800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,22,30,51,56,68,79,85,91,98],"control-oriented":[4],"model":[5,24,47,70],"for":[6,58,74,198],"door-opening":[7,27,65,138],"scenarios":[8],"in":[9,29,133,145,175,203],"commercial":[10,204],"electric":[11],"vehicles":[12],"(EVs),":[13],"common":[15],"real-world":[16],"issue.":[17],"We":[18],"developed":[19,35],"and":[20,55,96,108,125,162,167],"validated":[21],"simulation":[23],"to":[25,187],"handle":[26],"interruptions":[28],"real":[31],"EV.":[32],"Using":[33],"the":[34,43,119,134,142,182,193],"model,":[36],"we":[37],"compared":[38,140],"four":[39],"heating":[40],"controllers:":[41],"(i)":[42],"proposed":[44],"hierarchical":[45,116],"nonlinear":[46],"predictive":[48,71],"controller,":[49],"incorporating":[50],"unique":[52],"coolant-dividing":[53,87],"layer":[54],"component":[57],"regulating":[59],"cabin":[60,81,92,135,177],"air":[61,82,93],"inflow":[62,94],"based":[63],"on":[64],"signals;":[66],"(ii)":[67],"single":[69],"controller":[72,88,117,144],"(MPC)":[73],"coolant":[75],"division":[76],"combined":[77],"with":[78,90,141],"rule-based":[80,86,100],"controller;":[83],"(iii)":[84],"integrated":[89],"MPC;":[95],"(iv)":[97],"conventional":[99],"controller.":[101],"Under":[102],"ambient":[103],"temperatures":[104],"of":[105,159,184],"0,":[106,165],"10,":[107,166],"20":[109,168],"<inline-formula":[110,127,169],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[111,128,170],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[112,129,171],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${}^{\\circ":[113,130,172],"}$</tex-math></inline-formula>C,":[114,131,173],"our":[115,149,185],"reduced":[118,152],"temperature":[120,153],"drops":[121],"by":[122],"7.2,":[123],"9.5,":[124],"10.92":[126],"respectively,":[132,174],"section":[136],"where":[137],"occurred,":[139],"worst-performing":[143],"each":[146],"scenario.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"strategy":[150,186],"significantly":[151],"overshooting":[154],"during":[155],"recovery,":[156],"achieving":[157],"reductions":[158],"84\u201387%,":[160],"60.8\u201383.8%,":[161],"57.7\u201366.9%":[163],"at":[164],"various":[176],"sections.":[178],"These":[179],"results":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"potential":[183],"enhance":[188],"passenger":[189],"thermal":[190,200],"comfort":[191],"across":[192],"vehicle,":[194],"providing":[195],"valuable":[196],"insights":[197],"future":[199],"management":[201],"strategies":[202],"EVs.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}