{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404056768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3492015","title":"Blockchain-Empowered Resource Allocation in HAPS-Assisted IoV Digital Twin Networks: A Federated DRL Approach","display_name":"Blockchain-Empowered Resource Allocation in HAPS-Assisted IoV Digital Twin Networks: A Federated DRL Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404056768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3492015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2024.3492015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3492015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051231351","display_name":"Hayla Nahom Abishu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-7579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayla Nahom Abishu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-7579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076128522","display_name":"Abegaz Mohammed Seid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abegaz Mohammed Seid","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-6132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037977430","display_name":"Rutvij H. Jhaveri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-7346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33586908","display_name":"Pandit Deendayal Energy University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nsv5p42","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rutvij H. Jhaveri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-7346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061831106","display_name":"Aiman Erbad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiman Erbad","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning, Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE","Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning, Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89154426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"4710","last_page":"4726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7468435764312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.567904531955719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.523885190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4868430495262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45995983481407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.41335898637771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17697003483772278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7468435764312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.567904531955719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.523885190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4868430495262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45995983481407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.41335898637771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17697003483772278}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2024.3492015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3492015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2531399364","https://openalex.org/W2891930034","https://openalex.org/W2963060851","https://openalex.org/W2964048168","https://openalex.org/W3005620403","https://openalex.org/W3048448986","https://openalex.org/W3049282540","https://openalex.org/W3058760796","https://openalex.org/W3080667742","https://openalex.org/W3095540342","https://openalex.org/W3118170459","https://openalex.org/W3119595909","https://openalex.org/W3129115847","https://openalex.org/W3134344446","https://openalex.org/W3154067460","https://openalex.org/W3156195074","https://openalex.org/W3170397984","https://openalex.org/W3174170930","https://openalex.org/W3179018212","https://openalex.org/W3188569078","https://openalex.org/W3203818865","https://openalex.org/W3207745675","https://openalex.org/W3212539584","https://openalex.org/W3216911233","https://openalex.org/W4200449587","https://openalex.org/W4205228899","https://openalex.org/W4205802647","https://openalex.org/W4210383480","https://openalex.org/W4210698675","https://openalex.org/W4226101413","https://openalex.org/W4283713103","https://openalex.org/W4285061789","https://openalex.org/W4285176026","https://openalex.org/W4285184341","https://openalex.org/W4285189370","https://openalex.org/W4285818425","https://openalex.org/W4285819283","https://openalex.org/W4290973502","https://openalex.org/W4295308573","https://openalex.org/W4308513350","https://openalex.org/W4323519505","https://openalex.org/W4366147767","https://openalex.org/W4382999045","https://openalex.org/W4385517008","https://openalex.org/W4400188747","https://openalex.org/W4400229946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"edge":[1],"computing":[2,21],"(VEC)":[3],"is":[4,40,114,194],"a":[5,138,175,197],"new":[6],"paradigm":[7],"in":[8,127],"smart":[9,27],"cities":[10],"with":[11],"the":[12,52,63,67,92,121,128,132,145,201,222,231,239],"potential":[13,93],"to":[14,25,30,42,51,107,116,143,160,178,238],"provide":[15],"and":[16,22,35,47,56,62,80,99,119,123,147,152,158,163,167,181,188,205,229],"manage":[17],"resources":[18,126],"such":[19],"as":[20,196],"storage":[23],"closer":[24],"resource-constrained":[26],"vehicles":[28],"(SV)":[29],"support":[31],"ultra-reliable":[32],"low-latency":[33],"communications":[34],"knowledge":[36],"sharing.":[37],"However,":[38],"it":[39],"challenging":[41],"make":[43,161],"optimal":[44,164],"resource":[45,58,78,150,156,165,183,186,227],"allocation":[46,79,166,187,228],"offloading":[48,82,169,190],"decisions":[49],"due":[50],"mobility,":[53],"ubiquitous":[54],"communications,":[55],"diverse":[57],"demands":[59,148],"of":[60,66,87,94,125,131,149,200],"SVs":[61,159],"dynamic":[64,139],"nature":[65],"vehicular":[68],"network":[69,113],"topology.":[70],"In":[71,171],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74,173],"propose":[75],"an":[76,208],"adaptive":[77,162],"task":[81,168,189],"scheme":[83,224],"for":[84],"HAPS-assisted":[85],"Internet":[86],"Vehicle":[88],"networks":[89],"by":[90],"exploiting":[91],"digital":[95,129],"twins":[96],"(DT),":[97],"blockchain,":[98],"federated":[100],"multi-agent":[101,198,210],"deep":[102,211],"reinforcement":[103],"learning":[104],"(FMADRL)":[105],"technologies":[106],"address":[108],"these":[109],"issues.":[110],"The":[111,185,217],"DT":[112],"utilized":[115],"intelligently":[117],"monitor":[118],"control":[120],"demand":[122],"supply":[124],"representation":[130],"physical":[133],"operating":[134],"environment.":[135],"We":[136],"adopt":[137],"pricing-based":[140],"double":[141],"auction":[142],"model":[144],"supplies":[146],"providers":[151,157],"requesters.":[153],"This":[154],"enables":[155],"decisions.":[170],"addition,":[172],"deploy":[174],"consortium":[176],"blockchain":[177],"enable":[179],"distributed":[180],"secure":[182],"allocation.":[184],"multi-objective":[191],"optimization":[192],"problem":[193],"formulated":[195],"extension":[199],"Markov":[202],"decision":[203],"process":[204],"solved":[206],"using":[207],"FMADRL-based":[209],"deterministic":[212],"policy":[213],"gradient":[214],"(FMADDPG)":[215],"algorithm.":[216],"numerical":[218],"results":[219],"show":[220],"that":[221],"proposed":[223],"archives":[225],"efficient":[226],"maximizes":[230],"utility":[232],"function":[233],"while":[234],"minimizing":[235],"costs":[236],"compared":[237],"baseline":[240],"schemes.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
