{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389692501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3342648","title":"Learning From the Dark Side: A Parallel Time Series Modelling Framework for Forecasting and Fault Detection on Intelligent Vehicles","display_name":"Learning From the Dark Side: A Parallel Time Series Modelling Framework for Forecasting and Fault Detection on Intelligent Vehicles","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389692501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3342648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2023.3342648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3342648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/20949","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052678450","display_name":"Yang Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-2865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-2865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038147203","display_name":"Zhongxu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-7903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055911707","display_name":"Peng Hang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-0594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traffic Engineering and Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-0594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traffic Engineering and Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072073374","display_name":"Chen Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-4512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-4512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8535297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"3205","last_page":"3219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6999344229698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6595056056976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5618628859519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5493074655532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5115562081336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5063360929489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5046931505203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46601182222366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4655829966068268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44624796509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.43908512592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4357861578464508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3802594542503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3261716663837433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1835147738456726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6999344229698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6595056056976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5618628859519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5493074655532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5115562081336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5063360929489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5046931505203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46601182222366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4655829966068268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44624796509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43908512592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4357861578464508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3802594542503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3261716663837433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1835147738456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2023.3342648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3342648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/20949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/20949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/20949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/20949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6923429389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A2084c0156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7507727940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOE-T2EP50222-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8992389828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M22K2c0079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2016287239","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2081028405","https://openalex.org/W2132782512","https://openalex.org/W2133747588","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2754582354","https://openalex.org/W2891828758","https://openalex.org/W2936543441","https://openalex.org/W2945434604","https://openalex.org/W2990210508","https://openalex.org/W3016404858","https://openalex.org/W3090907207","https://openalex.org/W3100191103","https://openalex.org/W3144056183","https://openalex.org/W3171884590","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W3198069228","https://openalex.org/W3198381997","https://openalex.org/W3200780444","https://openalex.org/W4210389721","https://openalex.org/W4220810637","https://openalex.org/W4224085304","https://openalex.org/W4225016315","https://openalex.org/W4226216074","https://openalex.org/W4254218124","https://openalex.org/W4281739840","https://openalex.org/W4283026156","https://openalex.org/W4283318673","https://openalex.org/W4283750521","https://openalex.org/W4285220987","https://openalex.org/W4285303367","https://openalex.org/W4289823407","https://openalex.org/W4310019724","https://openalex.org/W4312550876","https://openalex.org/W4360995553","https://openalex.org/W4365420629","https://openalex.org/W4366377762","https://openalex.org/W4366967681","https://openalex.org/W4376166839","https://openalex.org/W4376456833","https://openalex.org/W4376607399","https://openalex.org/W4380905946","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6738279954","https://openalex.org/W6764679822","https://openalex.org/W6776142756","https://openalex.org/W6784835917","https://openalex.org/W6797155008","https://openalex.org/W6810637551","https://openalex.org/W6838461927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2008822734","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2791379413","https://openalex.org/W2086962923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"series":[1,34],"vehicle":[2,42,78,109,235],"state":[3],"modelling":[4,171,226],"is":[5],"crucial":[6],"in":[7,186,192,210],"various":[8],"real-world":[9,72,140,169],"applications,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"fault":[13,15,128,176,193,208,237],"detection,":[14,238],"tolerance,":[16],"optimization,":[17],"and":[18,40,63,76,91,106,126,142,175,188,207,214,239,247],"cyber":[19,240],"security":[20,241],"for":[21,173,234,243],"intelligent":[22,244],"vehicles":[23],"(IVs).":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"study,":[27],"we":[28,120],"propose":[29],"a":[30,87,122,183,223,231],"novel":[31,88,123,224],"parallel":[32],"time":[33],"modeling":[35],"framework":[36,98,227],"(PTSM)":[37],"to":[38,74,99,202],"forecast":[39],"detect":[41],"braking":[43,53],"cylinder":[44],"pressure":[45],"states,":[46,103],"thereby":[47],"enhancing":[48],"the":[49,52,56,81,84,117,133,136,149,152,166,212],"safety":[50],"of":[51,59,71,135,151],"system.":[54],"Specifically,":[55],"PTSM":[57,118],"consists":[58],"two":[60],"branches:":[61],"LightNet":[62,66],"DarkNet.":[64],"The":[65,195],"learns":[67],"time-series":[68,170,225],"(TS)":[69],"representations":[70],"signals":[73],"forecasts":[75,107],"identifies":[77],"states.":[79],"On":[80],"other":[82],"hand,":[83],"DarkNet":[85],"employs":[86],"multi-task":[89,153],"learning":[90],"dual":[92],"Relativistic":[93],"Generative":[94],"Adversarial":[95],"Network":[96],"(dual-RaGAN)":[97],"reconstructs":[100],"healthy":[101],"sequential":[102,155],"detects":[104],"faults,":[105],"future":[108],"states":[110],"using":[111,139],"synthesized":[112],"faulty":[113],"sequences.":[114],"To":[115],"develop":[116],"framework,":[119],"introduce":[121],"data":[124,141],"processing":[125],"random":[127],"synthesizing":[129],"method.":[130],"We":[131],"evaluate":[132],"performance":[134],"dual-RaGAN":[137],"model":[138],"compare":[143],"it":[144],"with":[145,182],"non-adversarial":[146],"approaches,":[147],"demonstrating":[148],"efficiency":[150],"generative":[154],"representation.":[156],"Extensive":[157],"experimental":[158],"results":[159,196],"show":[160],"that":[161,198],"by":[162],"integrating":[163],"knowledge":[164],"from":[165],"dark":[167,213],"side,":[168],"(TSM)":[172],"forecasting":[174,187,206],"detection":[177],"can":[178],"be":[179],"significantly":[180],"improved,":[181],"34.7%":[184],"enhancement":[185],"an":[189],"11%":[190],"improvement":[191],"recognition.":[194],"indicate":[197],"signal":[199],"reconstruction":[200],"leads":[201],"more":[203],"accurate":[204],"sequence":[205],"recognition":[209],"both":[211],"light":[215],"sides.":[216],"This":[217],"proposed":[218],"study":[219],"not":[220],"only":[221],"introduces":[222],"but":[228],"also":[229],"establishes":[230],"new":[232],"approach":[233],"testing,":[236],"research":[242],"vehicles.":[245],"Data":[246],"Codes":[248],"are":[249],"available":[250],"at:https://github.com/YXING-CC/Dark-Light.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}