{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387789981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3326136","title":"Pavement Defect Detection With Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey","display_name":"Pavement Defect Detection With Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387789981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3326136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2023.3326136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3326136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101644318","display_name":"Lili Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-7123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Industrial Innovation Center of Intelligent Equipment Co. Ltd","Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Cognition and Intelligent Control, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-7123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Industrial Innovation Center of Intelligent Equipment Co. Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Cognition and Intelligent Control, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602845","display_name":"Dandan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1147-9531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dandan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1147-9531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114858751","display_name":"Junhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5632-6407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5632-6407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023531675","display_name":"Yunjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-0178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-0178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100538573","display_name":"Yifeng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4547-7636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifeng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4547-7636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114488845","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2492-8970"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Industrial Innovation Center of Intelligent Equipment Company Ltd, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2492-8970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Industrial Innovation Center of Intelligent Equipment Company Ltd, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5707-9904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5707-9904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631521","display_name":"Yutong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-031X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-031X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3966,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9861013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"4292","last_page":"4311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7422456741333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7409261465072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.6650537252426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6220746636390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6217957139015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5625525116920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5044375658035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45451709628105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3458240032196045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7422456741333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7409261465072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6650537252426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6220746636390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6217957139015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5625525116920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5044375658035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45451709628105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3458240032196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tiv.2023.3326136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3326136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199657","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","issn_l":"2379-8858","issn":["2379-8858","2379-8904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8688861352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M740264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":151,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1974605586","https://openalex.org/W2061850396","https://openalex.org/W2068744284","https://openalex.org/W2115900659","https://openalex.org/W2132239597","https://openalex.org/W2144801789","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2339186457","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2407692387","https://openalex.org/W2623211171","https://openalex.org/W2748643398","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2755577605","https://openalex.org/W2765772691","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2791440580","https://openalex.org/W2794163378","https://openalex.org/W2799553422","https://openalex.org/W2814406141","https://openalex.org/W2852994473","https://openalex.org/W2886369963","https://openalex.org/W2890859091","https://openalex.org/W2892084704","https://openalex.org/W2899242765","https://openalex.org/W2904858039","https://openalex.org/W2905163589","https://openalex.org/W2912530595","https://openalex.org/W2913742577","https://openalex.org/W2920633487","https://openalex.org/W2941356554","https://openalex.org/W2944441395","https://openalex.org/W2944616097","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2964308596","https://openalex.org/W2969350702","https://openalex.org/W2970332685","https://openalex.org/W2972203789","https://openalex.org/W2979872609","https://openalex.org/W2984618269","https://openalex.org/W2985861932","https://openalex.org/W2990192313","https://openalex.org/W2992789329","https://openalex.org/W2994637710","https://openalex.org/W2998052623","https://openalex.org/W3000348847","https://openalex.org/W3001456352","https://openalex.org/W3003307281","https://openalex.org/W3005933934","https://openalex.org/W3006086117","https://openalex.org/W3006380048","https://openalex.org/W3009428189","https://openalex.org/W3010717703","https://openalex.org/W3012920708","https://openalex.org/W3014583121","https://openalex.org/W3026882584","https://openalex.org/W3033355903","https://openalex.org/W3033487537","https://openalex.org/W3034815177","https://openalex.org/W3041993346","https://openalex.org/W3045797452","https://openalex.org/W3047725879","https://openalex.org/W3073983451","https://openalex.org/W3081260473","https://openalex.org/W3093006309","https://openalex.org/W3093788378","https://openalex.org/W3094050936","https://openalex.org/W3094068274","https://openalex.org/W3095604565","https://openalex.org/W3096656549","https://openalex.org/W3097389829","https://openalex.org/W3103160007","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3108380258","https://openalex.org/W3111553838","https://openalex.org/W3112350297","https://openalex.org/W3124942917","https://openalex.org/W3126573518","https://openalex.org/W3129250357","https://openalex.org/W3134503721","https://openalex.org/W3135862594","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3138867123","https://openalex.org/W3139399265","https://openalex.org/W3153381206","https://openalex.org/W3166329543","https://openalex.org/W3166393432","https://openalex.org/W3167522598","https://openalex.org/W3168037706","https://openalex.org/W3172600964","https://openalex.org/W3177431918","https://openalex.org/W3187241433","https://openalex.org/W3189999916","https://openalex.org/W3197794833","https://openalex.org/W3214291416","https://openalex.org/W3215829569","https://openalex.org/W4200006436","https://openalex.org/W4200218075","https://openalex.org/W4205215834","https://openalex.org/W4210607981","https://openalex.org/W4213061328","https://openalex.org/W4214890985","https://openalex.org/W4220772424","https://openalex.org/W4224131244","https://openalex.org/W4226412070","https://openalex.org/W4229371803","https://openalex.org/W4281263174","https://openalex.org/W4281696822","https://openalex.org/W4284689627","https://openalex.org/W4284891763","https://openalex.org/W4285248944","https://openalex.org/W4286373328","https://openalex.org/W4290998965","https://openalex.org/W4293439450","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4298005624","https://openalex.org/W4301802352","https://openalex.org/W4305015953","https://openalex.org/W4312070099","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312550876","https://openalex.org/W4312705088","https://openalex.org/W4312811723","https://openalex.org/W4312910259","https://openalex.org/W4313039234","https://openalex.org/W4313069694","https://openalex.org/W4317369585","https://openalex.org/W4320727870","https://openalex.org/W4324290231","https://openalex.org/W4324320259","https://openalex.org/W4324357141","https://openalex.org/W4362654659","https://openalex.org/W4362665930","https://openalex.org/W4376166839","https://openalex.org/W4377022542","https://openalex.org/W4379538705","https://openalex.org/W4380204335","https://openalex.org/W4380764826","https://openalex.org/W4383108799","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6802648153","https://openalex.org/W6839419857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2070040999","https://openalex.org/W2387293848","https://openalex.org/W2250140200","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pavement":[0],"defect":[1,128,146],"detection":[2,99],"is":[3,151],"of":[4,34,126,140],"profound":[5],"significance":[6],"regarding":[7],"road":[8],"safety,":[9],"so":[10],"it":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"a":[14,29],"trending":[15],"research":[16],"topic.":[17],"In":[18],"the":[19,49,75,97,117,120,124,138,142,148],"past":[20],"years,":[21],"deep":[22],"learning":[23],"based":[24,51,70,101],"methods":[25,50,87,100],"have":[26],"turned":[27],"into":[28,67],"key":[30],"technology,":[31],"with":[32,93],"advantages":[33],"high":[35],"accuracy,":[36],"strong":[37],"robustness,":[38],"and":[39,55,83,91,113,133],"adaptability":[40],"to":[41,73],"complex":[42],"pavement":[43,98,127,145],"environments.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"first":[47],"reviews":[48],"on":[52,71,102,137],"image":[53],"processing":[54,61],"3D":[56,103],"imaging.":[57],"As":[58],"for":[59],"image-based":[60],"techniques,":[62],"they":[63],"can":[64],"be":[65],"classified":[66,90],"three":[68],"types":[69],"how":[72],"label":[74],"collected":[76],"data:":[77],"fully":[78],"supervised":[79],"learning,":[80,82],"unsupervised":[81],"other":[84],"methods.":[85],"Different":[86],"are":[88,105],"further":[89],"compared":[92],"each":[94],"other.":[95],"Second,":[96],"data":[104],"sorted":[106],"out,":[107],"thereby":[108],"summarizing":[109],"their":[110],"benefits,":[111],"drawbacks,":[112],"application":[114],"scenarios.":[115],"Third,":[116],"study":[118],"proposed":[119],"major":[121],"challenges":[122],"in":[123,144],"field":[125],"detection,":[129,147],"introduced":[130],"validated":[131],"datasets":[132],"evaluation":[134],"metrics.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"basis":[139],"reviewing":[141],"literature":[143],"promising":[149],"direction":[150],"put":[152],"forward.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}