{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162520158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2026.3692621","title":"A Large Language Model-Based Game Equilibrium Selection Approach for Human-Machine Shared Driving","display_name":"A Large Language Model-Based Game Equilibrium Selection Approach for Human-Machine Shared Driving","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162520158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2026.3692621"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2026.3692621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2026.3692621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000074603","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-8532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4640-5333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137133787","display_name":"Chunyue Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-520X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyue Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-520X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065859286","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-3951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137133623","display_name":"Jun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-0568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-0568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57790873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"7","first_page":"7650","last_page":"7665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.6570000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.6570000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.04050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-selection","display_name":"Equilibrium selection","score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-game","display_name":"Repeated game","score":0.32190001010894775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6498000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164407509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384490","display_name":"Equilibrium selection","level":4,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166109690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677422","display_name":"Action selection","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2026.3692621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2026.3692621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4073844275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62473333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human-machine":[0],"shared":[1,68],"driving":[2,69],"(HMSD)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,132],"a":[7,44,57,73,118,159],"crucial":[8],"transitional":[9],"paradigm":[10],"before":[11],"the":[12,32,113,146,155,166,176,190,206],"widespread":[13],"adoption":[14],"of":[15,120,208],"fully":[16],"autonomous":[17],"vehicles.":[18],"However,":[19],"existing":[20],"research":[21],"typically":[22],"only":[23],"considers":[24],"either":[25],"human-dominated":[26,90],"or":[27],"human-machine":[28,67,92,123,187,195,212],"equal":[29,93],"relationships,":[30,94],"neglecting":[31],"fact":[33],"that":[34,172],"these":[35],"two":[36],"relationships":[37],"alternate":[38],"during":[39],"driving,":[40],"which":[41,104],"leads":[42],"to":[43,80,142,151,164,181],"gap":[45],"between":[46,83],"theory":[47],"and":[48,86,91,127,148,184,201],"reality.":[49],"To":[50,111],"address":[51],"this":[52,54],"issue,":[53],"study":[55],"proposes":[56],"large":[58],"language":[59],"model":[60,77],"(LLM)-based":[61],"game":[62,74],"equilibrium":[63,75,85],"selection":[64,76,97],"approach":[65],"for":[66],"authority":[70],"allocation.":[71],"Firstly,":[72],"is":[78,99,130,140,162],"developed":[79],"seamlessly":[81],"transition":[82],"Stackelberg":[84],"Nash":[87],"equilibrium,":[88],"addressing":[89],"respectively.":[95],"The":[96,169],"process":[98],"implemented":[100],"using":[101],"an":[102,136],"LLM,":[103],"bases":[105],"its":[106],"decisions":[107],"on":[108],"scenario":[109,115],"understanding.":[110],"enhance":[112],"LLM\u2019s":[114],"understanding":[116],"performance,":[117],"set":[119],"indicators":[121],"capturing":[122],"conflicts,":[124,196],"driver":[125,199,203],"involvement,":[126],"collision":[128],"risks":[129],"introduced":[131],"prior":[133],"knowledge.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"LLM-based":[137,209],"scenario-understanding":[138],"module":[139],"designed":[141],"embed":[143],"knowledge":[144],"into":[145],"LLM":[147],"enable":[149],"it":[150],"function":[152],"effectively":[153,193],"within":[154],"HMSD":[156],"system.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"human-in-the-loop":[160],"experiment":[161],"conducted":[163],"validate":[165],"proposed":[167,191],"strategy.":[168],"results":[170],"show":[171],"LLMs":[173],"can":[174],"understand":[175],"provided":[177],"knowledge,":[178],"flexibly":[179],"adapt":[180],"different":[182],"scenarios,":[183],"accurately":[185],"grasp":[186],"interactions.":[188],"Moreover,":[189],"strategy":[192],"reduces":[194,202],"better":[197],"satisfies":[198],"intentions,":[200],"workload,":[204],"showcasing":[205],"potential":[207],"decision-making":[210],"in":[211],"interaction.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}