{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116779576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3639674","title":"Energy Minimization in UAV-Enabled Cargo Pickup Systems: A Radio Map-Aided Hierarchical Optimization Framework","display_name":"Energy Minimization in UAV-Enabled Cargo Pickup Systems: A Radio Map-Aided Hierarchical Optimization Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116779576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3639674"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3639674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3639674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102080479","display_name":"Jiangling Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1402-7828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangling Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1402-7828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034370014","display_name":"Sujuan Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000883962","display_name":"Dingcheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingcheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-4481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120999434","display_name":"Qinghua Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003034352","display_name":"T. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiankui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-5844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94067221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"3669","last_page":"3684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pickup","display_name":"Pickup","score":0.8671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.6604999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-minimization","display_name":"Energy minimization","score":0.4537000060081482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572648","display_name":"Pickup","level":3,"score":0.8671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6604999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5026999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14961307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377176","display_name":"Energy minimization","level":2,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4037520","display_name":"Doors","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3639674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3639674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9120681285858154}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1924309553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2560958934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62461040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5601691005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8686674110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8826312360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20242BAB20036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,78],"article":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,24,30,36,40,54,57,74,90,97,103,113,117,134,145,155,158,165,181,200,205,226],"energy":[4,19,32,126,183,191,217],"efficiency":[5,127,218],"optimization":[6,128,168],"of":[7,39,157,219],"cargo":[8,26,41,104],"uncrewed":[9],"aerial":[10],"vehicle":[11],"(UAV)":[12],"pickup":[13,27,124,140],"systems,":[14],"with":[15,213],"constraints":[16,187],"on":[17,188],"on-board":[18,91,190],"and":[20,34,59,69,176,193],"load":[21],"capacity.":[22,195],"In":[23,131],"UAV-enabled":[25],"system,":[28],"minimizing":[29],"total":[31,182],"consumption":[33],"ensuring":[35],"safe":[37],"flight":[38,108,177],"UAV":[42,58,98,123,159,189],"is":[43,80,94,142],"a":[44,106,122],"problem":[45],"to":[46,51,99,153,171,179,186,222,225],"be":[47],"solved.":[48],"However,":[49],"due":[50],"building":[52],"blockages,":[53],"channel":[55],"between":[56,66,137],"ground":[60],"base":[61],"stations":[62],"(GBSs)":[63],"frequently":[64],"switches":[65],"line-of-sight":[67],"(LoS)":[68],"non-line-of-sight":[70],"(NLoS),":[71],"thereby":[72],"affecting":[73],"UAV\u2019s":[75,135,206],"communication":[76,160,207],"quality.":[77],"effect":[79],"further":[81],"aggravated":[82],"by":[83,89],"environmental":[84],"noise":[85],"interference.":[86],"Moreover,":[87],"limited":[88],"energy,":[92],"it":[93],"unrealistic":[95],"for":[96],"pick":[100],"up":[101],"all":[102],"in":[105,209,216],"single":[107],"without":[109],"charging":[110],"or":[111],"replacing":[112],"battery.":[114],"To":[115],"address":[116],"above-mentioned":[118],"challenges,":[119],"we":[120,163],"propose":[121],"system":[125],"(UPSEEO)":[129],"framework.":[130],"this":[132],"framework,":[133],"trajectory":[136],"any":[138,210],"two":[139],"points":[141],"optimized":[143],"via":[144],"A<inline-formula":[146],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[148],"<tex-math":[149],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${}^{*}$</tex-math>":[150],"</inline-formula>":[151],"algorithm":[152,170],"ensure":[154,204],"stability":[156],"link.":[161],"Next,":[162],"employ":[164],"particle":[166],"swarm":[167],"(PSO)":[169],"optimize":[172],"both":[173],"task":[174],"allocation":[175],"speed":[178],"minimize":[180],"consumption,":[184],"subject":[185],"limits":[192],"payload":[194],"Numerical":[196],"results":[197],"show":[198],"that":[199],"proposed":[201],"framework":[202],"can":[203],"quality":[208],"spatial":[211],"topology,":[212],"an":[214],"improvement":[215],"approximately":[220],"5%":[221],"50%":[223],"compared":[224],"comparison":[227],"experiment.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}
