{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417201563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3635199","title":"A Survey of Small Sea-Surface Target Detection for Maritime Search and Rescue","display_name":"A Survey of Small Sea-Surface Target Detection for Maritime Search and Rescue","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417201563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3635199"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3635199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3635199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016280967","display_name":"Jianchuan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79223203","display_name":"Guangdong Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0462wa640","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianchuan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Architecture and Shipping College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-590X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Architecture and Shipping College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113394079","display_name":"Guokang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79223203","display_name":"Guangdong Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0462wa640","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guokang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Architecture and Shipping College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Architecture and Shipping College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058107332","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-1425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79223203","display_name":"Guangdong Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0462wa640","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-1425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011533944","display_name":"Nini Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2576-5827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79223203","display_name":"Guangdong Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0462wa640","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nini Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005658970","display_name":"Zeguo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7393-0182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79223203","display_name":"Guangdong Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0462wa640","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeguo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Architecture and Shipping College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7393-0182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Architecture and Shipping College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2966,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90157243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"211","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.6218000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.6218000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.13109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.04390000179409981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-and-rescue","display_name":"Search and rescue","score":0.8230999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-surface-vehicle","display_name":"Unmanned surface vehicle","score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.29840001463890076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.8230999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987248590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4419860","display_name":"Unmanned surface vehicle","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190377246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3089219","display_name":"Maritime boundary","level":3,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3635199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3635199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366373947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20680","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1609458630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52231014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2414775850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132023501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G750505477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"060302132105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316333","funder_display_name":"Program for University Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G891433320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52271361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8963692829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52271306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316333","display_name":"Program for University Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":165,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1594676769","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2107775979","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2479866714","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2594507094","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2795705148","https://openalex.org/W2803740064","https://openalex.org/W2806583527","https://openalex.org/W2895240252","https://openalex.org/W2900741051","https://openalex.org/W2912978522","https://openalex.org/W2921018545","https://openalex.org/W2924873663","https://openalex.org/W2938395714","https://openalex.org/W2946474057","https://openalex.org/W2952773607","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2962777203","https://openalex.org/W2963037581","https://openalex.org/W2963307811","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2963944506","https://openalex.org/W2964231884","https://openalex.org/W2964444661","https://openalex.org/W2981689412","https://openalex.org/W2981899103","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2983339877","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W2997408160","https://openalex.org/W2998564420","https://openalex.org/W3009396058","https://openalex.org/W3009442072","https://openalex.org/W3011456574","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3027362665","https://openalex.org/W3032016692","https://openalex.org/W3034362507","https://openalex.org/W3034429256","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3035022492","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3035502324","https://openalex.org/W3035992774","https://openalex.org/W3038948729","https://openalex.org/W3041525128","https://openalex.org/W3046838151","https://openalex.org/W3046887343","https://openalex.org/W3091482939","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3119205652","https://openalex.org/W3122799380","https://openalex.org/W3125509312","https://openalex.org/W3128228507","https://openalex.org/W3130911179","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3134458163","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3159166099","https://openalex.org/W3160439413","https://openalex.org/W3160733999","https://openalex.org/W3165352316","https://openalex.org/W3172537970","https://openalex.org/W3175630421","https://openalex.org/W3193501245","https://openalex.org/W3204971388","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W3212386989","https://openalex.org/W4205856156","https://openalex.org/W4213436958","https://openalex.org/W4214666412","https://openalex.org/W4214836598","https://openalex.org/W4214947750","https://openalex.org/W4220863829","https://openalex.org/W4224936543","https://openalex.org/W4225268843","https://openalex.org/W4225833008","https://openalex.org/W4226014430","https://openalex.org/W4285144119","https://openalex.org/W4285248913","https://openalex.org/W4288047818","https://openalex.org/W4288064619","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4293222110","https://openalex.org/W4294811300","https://openalex.org/W4294832920","https://openalex.org/W4295123323","https://openalex.org/W4296339053","https://openalex.org/W4296350752","https://openalex.org/W4302773578","https://openalex.org/W4304099317","https://openalex.org/W4306916543","https://openalex.org/W4310117546","https://openalex.org/W4311849783","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312781996","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4320717244","https://openalex.org/W4323338302","https://openalex.org/W4324116547","https://openalex.org/W4327652243","https://openalex.org/W4360978704","https://openalex.org/W4365801712","https://openalex.org/W4366446955","https://openalex.org/W4367323473","https://openalex.org/W4377288495","https://openalex.org/W4378649174","https://openalex.org/W4378804909","https://openalex.org/W4379382235","https://openalex.org/W4379928223","https://openalex.org/W4381236047","https://openalex.org/W4382568144","https://openalex.org/W4382657967","https://openalex.org/W4382930324","https://openalex.org/W4382934439","https://openalex.org/W4384895363","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385301593","https://openalex.org/W4385834281","https://openalex.org/W4386057777","https://openalex.org/W4386076368","https://openalex.org/W4386850094","https://openalex.org/W4387350700","https://openalex.org/W4388320339","https://openalex.org/W4389369921","https://openalex.org/W4389554109","https://openalex.org/W4390871481","https://openalex.org/W4391582543","https://openalex.org/W4391759862","https://openalex.org/W4392374729","https://openalex.org/W4394595106","https://openalex.org/W4396760405","https://openalex.org/W4398200642","https://openalex.org/W4398759650","https://openalex.org/W4399359963","https://openalex.org/W4400524387","https://openalex.org/W4400553142","https://openalex.org/W4401433267","https://openalex.org/W4401506200","https://openalex.org/W4402592914","https://openalex.org/W4402702244","https://openalex.org/W4402754006","https://openalex.org/W4404402746","https://openalex.org/W4404533930","https://openalex.org/W4404688003","https://openalex.org/W4408145317","https://openalex.org/W4408992192","https://openalex.org/W4411662095","https://openalex.org/W4414806199"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"detection":[1,43,54,69,127,186],"of":[2,20,32,101,124,167,183],"small":[3,39,89,125,144,184],"surface":[4,41,73,86],"targets":[5],"plays":[6],"a":[7,29,99,148,164],"critical":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,38,70,128,188],"maritime":[11,45,189],"search":[12,190],"and":[13,22,36,55,81,114,136,156,170,177,191],"rescue":[14,192],"(SAR)":[15],"operations,":[16],"ensuring":[17],"the":[18,33,84,122,180],"safety":[19],"people":[21],"property":[23],"at":[24],"sea.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27,97,142,173],"provides":[28],"comprehensive":[30],"review":[31],"latest":[34],"advancements":[35],"research":[37],"sea":[40,72,85],"target":[42,53,90,126,145,185],"for":[44,179],"SAR":[46],"missions.":[47],"Deep":[48],"learning-based":[49],"models":[50],"facilitate":[51],"accurate":[52],"localization":[56],"by":[57],"transforming":[58],"image":[59],"or":[60],"video":[61],"frames":[62],"into":[63],"high-dimensional":[64],"abstract":[65],"representations,":[66],"enabling":[67],"effective":[68,102],"complex":[71],"environments.":[74],"However,":[75],"challenges":[76],"such":[77,130],"as":[78,131],"occlusion,":[79],"blurring,":[80],"reflections":[82],"on":[83,152],"significantly":[87],"complicate":[88],"detection.":[91],"To":[92],"address":[93],"these":[94],"challenges,":[95],"this":[96,141,172],"summarizes":[98],"range":[100],"approaches,":[103],"including":[104],"context":[105],"information,":[106],"multi-scale":[107],"learning,":[108],"anchor-free":[109],"detection,":[110],"super-resolution,":[111],"attention":[112],"mechanisms,":[113],"sample-oriented":[115],"approaches.":[116],"These":[117],"approaches":[118],"aim":[119],"to":[120],"enhance":[121],"performance":[123],"applications":[129],"uncrewed":[132,137],"aerial":[133],"vehicles":[134],"(UAV)":[135],"supply":[138],"vessels.":[139],"Furthermore,":[140],"classifies":[143],"datasets,":[146,171],"providing":[147],"detailed":[149],"overview":[150],"based":[151],"their":[153],"collection":[154],"methods":[155],"application":[157],"scenarios,":[158],"while":[159],"highlighting":[160],"representative":[161],"datasets.":[162],"Through":[163],"thorough":[165],"analysis":[166],"both":[168],"methodologies":[169],"offers":[174],"valuable":[175],"insights":[176],"directions":[178],"future":[181],"development":[182],"technology":[187],"operations.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}
