{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416582698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","title":"Visual Measurement and Uncertainty Prediction of Insulator Thickness in Insulated Rail Joints","display_name":"Visual Measurement and Uncertainty Prediction of Insulator Thickness in Insulated Rail Joints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416582698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3633568"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064766254","display_name":"Ryohei Kasai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2833-7229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryohei Kasai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2833-7229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009259465","display_name":"Takayuki Okatani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-763X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Okatani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-763X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064766254"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35186424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"375","last_page":"386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.758899986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.758899986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.09019999951124191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulator","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","score":0.6707000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing","display_name":"Framing (construction)","score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rail-transportation","display_name":"Rail transportation","score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.33149999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C212702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178150","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.6707000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984780852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3565868","display_name":"Rail transportation","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987165512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3565868","display_name":"Railway system","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168820333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448889","display_name":"Visual inspection","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23725684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616377","display_name":"Maintenance engineering","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3633568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1973849911","https://openalex.org/W1978958931","https://openalex.org/W2040483045","https://openalex.org/W2042987429","https://openalex.org/W2044160445","https://openalex.org/W2048281124","https://openalex.org/W2069261638","https://openalex.org/W2088600512","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2263630515","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2335794883","https://openalex.org/W2406523001","https://openalex.org/W2411835804","https://openalex.org/W2555875178","https://openalex.org/W2604882367","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2761216034","https://openalex.org/W2783496566","https://openalex.org/W2790914279","https://openalex.org/W2912130719","https://openalex.org/W2912475127","https://openalex.org/W2913074553","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2975280122","https://openalex.org/W2995646679","https://openalex.org/W2996928209","https://openalex.org/W3008885188","https://openalex.org/W3013695998","https://openalex.org/W3014107482","https://openalex.org/W3046493539","https://openalex.org/W3099087703","https://openalex.org/W3179632985","https://openalex.org/W3194332713","https://openalex.org/W4245502741","https://openalex.org/W4249736682","https://openalex.org/W4321484117","https://openalex.org/W4389816582","https://openalex.org/W6947681574"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Railway":[0],"tracks":[1],"are":[2,20,91],"critical":[3],"to":[4,52,83,86,120],"social":[5],"infrastructure,":[6],"and":[7,62,127],"their":[8],"maintenance":[9],"is":[10,57,142,167],"essential":[11],"for":[12,22,145,158],"operational":[13,49,169],"safety.":[14],"Glued":[15],"Insulated":[16],"Rail":[17],"Joints":[18],"(GIRJs)":[19],"vital":[21],"railway":[23,163,171],"signal":[24,32],"control,":[25],"where":[26],"the":[27,55,77,81,108,122,125,140],"insulator\u2019s":[28],"thickness":[29,42],"helps":[30],"prevent":[31],"failures.":[33],"This":[34,165],"paper":[35],"addresses":[36],"detecting":[37,159],"anomalies":[38],"in":[39,161,170],"GIRJ":[40],"insulator":[41,56,126],"using":[43,115],"images":[44],"captured":[45],"by":[46,106],"devices":[47],"on":[48],"trains.":[50],"Due":[51],"various":[53],"factors,":[54],"not":[58],"always":[59],"clearly":[60],"visible,":[61],"standard":[63],"computer":[64],"vision":[65],"methods":[66],"often":[67],"struggle.":[68],"In":[69],"severe":[70],"cases,":[71],"judgments":[72],"cannot":[73],"be":[74,95],"made":[75],"from":[76],"image":[78],"alone,":[79],"requiring":[80],"system":[82,166],"return":[84],"\u201cunable":[85],"determine.\u201d":[87],"If":[88],"these":[89],"cases":[90],"rare,":[92],"they":[93],"can":[94],"manually":[96],"inspected,":[97],"still":[98],"lowering":[99],"overall":[100],"inspection":[101],"costs.":[102],"We":[103],"tackle":[104],"this":[105],"framing":[107],"task":[109],"as":[110],"a":[111,155],"one-dimensional":[112],"regression":[113],"problem,":[114],"convolutional":[116],"neural":[117],"networks":[118],"(CNNs)":[119],"predict":[121],"boundary":[123],"between":[124],"rail,":[128],"while":[129],"also":[130],"estimating":[131],"prediction":[132],"uncertainty.":[133],"Experiments":[134],"with":[135,149],"real-world":[136],"data":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"model":[141],"accurate":[143],"enough":[144],"practical":[146],"use,":[147],"even":[148],"challenging":[150],"images.":[151,164],"Additionally,":[152],"we":[153],"propose":[154],"robust":[156],"method":[157],"GIRJs":[160],"long-range":[162],"now":[168],"inspections.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}