{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7105593329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3629117","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Task Offloading With Collaborative Inference in UAV-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing Networks","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Task Offloading With Collaborative Inference in UAV-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7105593329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3629117"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3629117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3629117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiangping Bryce Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-199X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangping Bryce Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-199X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3298-9171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3298-9171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Changyan Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiquan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-2177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiquan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-2177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-0087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-0087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chee Wei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Wei Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-9752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.4039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99090728,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"472","last_page":"482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.5680000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.5680000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.36800000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38339999318122864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8223999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61455927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030529","display_name":"Blossom algorithm","level":3,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196921405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786431","display_name":"Online algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3629117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3629117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8892921805381775,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1030935528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS2023052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8387334242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62531010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2907086092","https://openalex.org/W2909977353","https://openalex.org/W2920031528","https://openalex.org/W2945102934","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W2964052915","https://openalex.org/W2980822460","https://openalex.org/W2981114133","https://openalex.org/W2983557232","https://openalex.org/W2998419362","https://openalex.org/W3034270904","https://openalex.org/W3035038672","https://openalex.org/W3044015199","https://openalex.org/W3131765381","https://openalex.org/W3198247306","https://openalex.org/W3200236657","https://openalex.org/W3204496228","https://openalex.org/W3207104615","https://openalex.org/W3208909191","https://openalex.org/W4225774120","https://openalex.org/W4236099117","https://openalex.org/W4285191453","https://openalex.org/W4312943725","https://openalex.org/W4313173106","https://openalex.org/W4361862334","https://openalex.org/W4366308825","https://openalex.org/W4377971464","https://openalex.org/W4385075853","https://openalex.org/W4399665748","https://openalex.org/W4401326346","https://openalex.org/W4403600674","https://openalex.org/W4408719512"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"air-ground":[1],"integration":[2],"communication":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5,87],"emerging":[6],"technology.":[7],"Uncrewed":[8],"aerial":[9],"vehicles":[10],"(UAVs)":[11],"serve":[12],"as":[13],"mobile":[14],"edge":[15],"computing":[16],"(MEC)":[17],"servers":[18],"in":[19,148],"large-scale":[20],"Internet":[21],"of":[22,46,150],"Things":[23],"(IoT)":[24],"applications,":[25],"alleviating":[26],"the":[27,39],"computational":[28],"load":[29],"on":[30],"ground":[31],"users.":[32],"Existing":[33],"multi-UAV":[34],"MEC":[35],"approaches":[36],"struggle":[37],"with":[38],"complex":[40],"computation":[41],"and":[42,64,74,81,117,122,132,152],"large":[43],"data":[44],"sizes":[45],"deep":[47],"neural":[48],"network":[49],"tasks.":[50,105],"To":[51],"address":[52],"these":[53],"challenges,":[54],"we":[55,85,107],"propose":[56,86],"a":[57,109],"Deep":[58],"Reinforcement":[59],"Learning":[60],"(DRL)-based":[61],"DNN":[62,104],"Partitioning":[63],"Dynamic":[65],"Trajectory":[66],"Selection":[67,91],"(DPDTS)":[68],"method,":[69],"which":[70],"reduces":[71],"end-to-end":[72],"latency":[73],"system":[75],"energy":[76,153],"consumption":[77],"through":[78],"task":[79],"offloading":[80,116],"collaborative":[82],"inference.":[83],"Specifically,":[84],"Optimal":[88],"Partition":[89],"Point":[90],"(OPPS)":[92],"algorithm":[93,112],"to":[94,113,127],"minimize":[95],"transmission":[96,134],"overhead":[97],"by":[98],"selecting":[99],"optimal":[100],"partition":[101],"points":[102],"for":[103],"Then,":[106],"design":[108],"fairness-based":[110],"matching":[111,123],"optimize":[114,128],"user":[115,133],"resource":[118],"allocation.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"OPPS":[121],"algorithms":[124],"are":[125],"integrated":[126],"UAV":[129],"flight":[130],"trajectories":[131],"power":[135],"via":[136],"DRL.":[137],"The":[138],"simulation":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"DPDTS":[143],"outperforms":[144],"existing":[145],"benchmark":[146],"methods":[147],"terms":[149],"delay":[151],"efficiency.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}