{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415821053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3621533","title":"Computation Offloading Optimization for Digital Twin Assisted 5G-Enabled Edge Computing Network in Urban Rail Transit","display_name":"Computation Offloading Optimization for Digital Twin Assisted 5G-Enabled Edge Computing Network in Urban Rail Transit","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415821053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3621533"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3621533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3621533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005445370","display_name":"Qingmiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-767X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingmiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721950","display_name":"Minghao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9673-6463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085078614","display_name":"Junhui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-494X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049450929","display_name":"Chenxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0039-7692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394512","display_name":"Mingyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-3971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801441622","display_name":"China Railway Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/044wv3489","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801441622","https://openalex.org/I4210122102"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of System Technology for High-Speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of System Technology for High-Speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801441622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005445370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36780406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"21574","last_page":"21587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6614000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6614000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.10769999772310257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.03480000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.3758000135421753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125599584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15057100","display_name":"Broadband networks","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3621533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3621533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364593082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2001213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8082655281","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326932","display_name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2262889796","https://openalex.org/W2493914771","https://openalex.org/W2759246873","https://openalex.org/W2802730372","https://openalex.org/W2900841156","https://openalex.org/W2904994737","https://openalex.org/W2945922882","https://openalex.org/W2953470542","https://openalex.org/W2954039338","https://openalex.org/W2963599038","https://openalex.org/W2982329762","https://openalex.org/W3005620403","https://openalex.org/W3033229102","https://openalex.org/W3048552011","https://openalex.org/W3080667742","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3129433628","https://openalex.org/W3133006985","https://openalex.org/W3184322752","https://openalex.org/W3201225292","https://openalex.org/W3209146133","https://openalex.org/W4205136930","https://openalex.org/W4205280172","https://openalex.org/W4210403758","https://openalex.org/W4214547157","https://openalex.org/W4285127874","https://openalex.org/W4295308573","https://openalex.org/W4312918528","https://openalex.org/W4323529937","https://openalex.org/W4386275825","https://openalex.org/W4386952081","https://openalex.org/W4387385706","https://openalex.org/W4387789945","https://openalex.org/W4389104774","https://openalex.org/W4394698997","https://openalex.org/W4400188066","https://openalex.org/W4403391420"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"urban":[1],"rail":[2],"transit":[3],"evolves,":[4],"the":[5,20,37,73,103,108,119,175,179,187,206],"convergence":[6],"of":[7,22,41,77,107],"digitalization,":[8],"networking":[9],"and":[10,26,82,91,113,134,149,196,215],"intelligence":[11],"has":[12],"emerged":[13],"as":[14,140],"a":[15,32,58,95,110,161],"pivotal":[16],"trend,":[17],"accompanied":[18],"by":[19,46,168],"surge":[21],"intensive":[23],"computing":[24,30,65],"tasks":[25],"real-time":[27],"demand.":[28],"Edge":[29,135],"is":[31,69,129,155],"promising":[33],"solution":[34],"to":[35,101],"address":[36],"local":[38],"resource":[39,114],"constraints":[40],"various":[42,47],"application":[43],"devices":[44],"covered":[45],"subsystems":[48],"within":[49],"Urban":[50],"Rail":[51],"Transit":[52],"Systems":[53],"(URTS).":[54],"In":[55,204],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"Digital":[59],"Twin":[60,121],"(DT)":[61],"assisted":[62,163],"5G-enabled":[63],"edge":[64],"network":[66],"in":[67,87,151,160],"URTS":[68],"established.":[70],"We":[71],"consider":[72],"heterogeneous":[74],"service":[75],"requirements":[76],"Ultra-Reliable":[78],"Low-Latency":[79],"Communication":[80],"(URLLC)":[81],"Enhanced":[83],"Mobile":[84],"Broadband":[85],"(eMBB)":[86],"different":[88],"intelligent":[89],"applications,":[90],"accordingly,":[92],"we":[93],"develop":[94],"task":[96,104,111],"execution":[97,167],"queue":[98],"model.":[99],"Additionally,":[100],"improve":[102],"processing":[105,199],"performance":[106],"system,":[109],"offloading":[112],"allocation":[115],"scheme":[116,208],"based":[117],"on":[118],"Multi-Agent":[120],"Delayed":[122],"Deep":[123],"Deterministic":[124],"policy":[125],"gradient":[126],"(MATD3)":[127],"algorithm":[128],"proposed.":[130],"User":[131],"Equipment":[132],"(UEs)":[133],"Servers":[136],"(ESs)":[137],"are":[138],"treated":[139],"distinct":[141],"agents,":[142],"accounting":[143],"for":[144,157,183,193],"their":[145],"collaborative":[146],"computation":[147],"capabilities":[148],"differences":[150],"decision-making.":[152],"A":[153],"framework":[154],"established":[156],"centralized":[158],"training":[159],"DT":[162],"system":[164],"with":[165],"decentralized":[166],"each":[169],"agent.":[170],"Simulation":[171],"results":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174],"proposed":[176,207],"approach":[177],"ensures":[178],"stringent":[180],"latency":[181],"requirement":[182],"URLLC":[184],"tasks,":[185,195],"enhances":[186],"Transaction":[188],"Per":[189],"Time":[190],"Slot":[191],"(TPTS)":[192],"eMBB":[194],"significantly":[197],"reduces":[198],"delays":[200],"across":[201],"all":[202],"tasks.":[203],"addition,":[205],"also":[209],"achieves":[210],"load":[211],"balance":[212],"between":[213],"UEs":[214],"ESs.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}