{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415707120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3610121","title":"VP <sup>2</sup> Net: Visual Perception-Inspired Network for Exploring the Causes of Drivers\u2019 Attention Shift","display_name":"VP <sup>2</sup> Net: Visual Perception-Inspired Network for Exploring the Causes of Drivers\u2019 Attention Shift","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415707120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3610121"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3610121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3610121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110001598","display_name":"Chunyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4477-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4477-5213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031400194","display_name":"Tao Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-5879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-5879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083463864","display_name":"Pengcheng Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-9920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330682","display_name":"Wenbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-7785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102712337","display_name":"Yi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5477-6189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5477-6189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101554660","display_name":"Fei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110001598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29794185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"20012","last_page":"20026"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.5924999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.5924999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.09600000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.0892999991774559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-network","display_name":"Attention network","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-attention","display_name":"Visual attention","score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-search","display_name":"Visual search","score":0.384799987077713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986089797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501338","display_name":"Visual attention","level":3,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185761835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431287","display_name":"Peripheral vision","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164280684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5529040","display_name":"Gaze-contingency paradigm","level":4,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135798126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167279","display_name":"Top-down and bottom-up design","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28063669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167042","display_name":"Perceptual system","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777371692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178611","display_name":"Spatial cognition","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3610121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3610121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2966353125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023NSFSC1418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4498911825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2682025ZTPY007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4565923473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5097169662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7275823072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8216581748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025ZNSFSC0471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116278252","https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1909740415","https://openalex.org/W1968114652","https://openalex.org/W2004902747","https://openalex.org/W2108226563","https://openalex.org/W2144764737","https://openalex.org/W2474210745","https://openalex.org/W2541120607","https://openalex.org/W2592008540","https://openalex.org/W2596110958","https://openalex.org/W2771583656","https://openalex.org/W2887806157","https://openalex.org/W2947813496","https://openalex.org/W2947918549","https://openalex.org/W2963155035","https://openalex.org/W2963513865","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2963616706","https://openalex.org/W2968524820","https://openalex.org/W2984287396","https://openalex.org/W2990503944","https://openalex.org/W2990711573","https://openalex.org/W3003987610","https://openalex.org/W3009130550","https://openalex.org/W3035413240","https://openalex.org/W3118519864","https://openalex.org/W3119906317","https://openalex.org/W3126721752","https://openalex.org/W3126721948","https://openalex.org/W3183160059","https://openalex.org/W3208303583","https://openalex.org/W4213101961","https://openalex.org/W4214612132","https://openalex.org/W4224981407","https://openalex.org/W4254269720","https://openalex.org/W4280628902","https://openalex.org/W4283731815","https://openalex.org/W4308080819","https://openalex.org/W4379382445","https://openalex.org/W4383901024","https://openalex.org/W4385484834","https://openalex.org/W4386088285","https://openalex.org/W4386246485","https://openalex.org/W4387238575","https://openalex.org/W4387717646","https://openalex.org/W4390871737","https://openalex.org/W4390872179","https://openalex.org/W4390873490","https://openalex.org/W4391304178","https://openalex.org/W4391424431","https://openalex.org/W4391768549","https://openalex.org/W4401323792","https://openalex.org/W4401732454","https://openalex.org/W4407762689","https://openalex.org/W4409346452","https://openalex.org/W4409719963","https://openalex.org/W4410118338","https://openalex.org/W4410393684"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,30,43,70,94,104,125,144,151,172,186,196,219,227,235,241,247,251,267,270,274],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,10,33,39,45,65,96,106,133,146,237,240,269,273],"autonomous":[5],"driving":[6,11,25,34,50,66,72,79,107,147,173,242,253],"technology,":[7],"recognition/understanding":[9],"events":[12,26],"has":[13,53],"become":[14],"increasingly":[15],"important":[16],"for":[17,23,48,62,85,166],"improving":[18],"road":[19],"safety.":[20],"Existing":[21],"methods":[22],"recognizing":[24],"rely":[27],"solely":[28],"on":[29,110],"inherent":[31],"features":[32],"scenes,":[35,80],"lacking":[36],"real-time":[37],"modeling":[38],"driver":[40,46,57,100,128,140],"attention":[41,47,58,86,101,129,141,180,199,222,230],"and":[42,88,244,265],"integration":[44],"understanding":[49,56],"events.":[51,67,108,148],"Research":[52],"shown":[54],"that":[55,184],"will":[59],"be":[60],"beneficial":[61],"subsequent":[63],"analysis":[64],"We":[68,225],"propose":[69,114],"attention-based":[71],"event":[73,89],"dataset":[74],"(ADED),":[75],"which":[76],"includes":[77],"rich":[78],"eye":[81],"movement":[82],"data,":[83],"reasons":[84,126],"shifts,":[87],"time":[90],"windows.":[91],"It":[92,192],"enables":[93],"use":[95,139,226],"prior":[97],"information":[98,163,170,232,239],"about":[99],"to":[102,123,138,142,202,213,217,233],"guide":[103,143,234],"recognition":[105,145],"Based":[109],"our":[111,258],"dataset,":[112],"we":[113,158,176,256],"a":[115,160,178,207],"visual":[116,153,189],"dual-perception":[117],"network,":[118],"named":[119],"VP<sup":[120,134],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[121,135,282],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>Net,":[122],"explore":[124],"behind":[127],"shifts.":[130],"The":[131],"goal":[132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>Net":[136],"is":[137,278],"Inspired":[149],"by":[150],"human":[152],"dual":[154],"cognition":[155],"process":[156],"mechanism,":[157],"build":[159],"bottom-up":[161],"sequential":[162],"encoding":[164,182],"branch":[165,183],"extracting":[167],"spatio-temporal":[168,238],"low-level":[169],"in":[171,250],"scene.":[174],"Additionally,":[175],"establish":[177],"top-down":[179],"perceptual":[181,210],"simulates":[185],"driver\u2019s":[187,197,220,228],"high-level":[188],"cognitive":[190],"process.":[191],"not":[193],"only":[194],"captures":[195],"spatial":[198,221,229],"allocation":[200],"(\u201cwhere":[201],"focus\u201d)":[203],"but":[204],"also":[205],"performs":[206],"temporal":[208],"dimensional":[209],"enhancement":[211,223,231],"(\u201cwhen":[212],"focus\u201d),":[214],"allowing":[215],"us":[216],"extract":[218],"information.":[224],"fusion":[236],"scene":[243],"selectively":[245],"highlight":[246],"core":[248],"objects/areas":[249],"current":[252],"task/event.":[254],"Finally,":[255],"compare":[257],"proposed":[259],"model":[260],"with":[261],"other":[262],"SOTA":[263],"networks":[264],"visualize":[266],"results":[268],"key":[271],"components":[272],"model.":[275],"Our":[276],"code":[277],"available":[279],"at":[280],"<uri":[281],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/zhao-chunyu/VP2Net</uri>":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-12T23:11:45.498971","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}
