{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414603427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3607869","title":"Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Mobile Charging Station Placements in Mobile-Fixed Charging Stations Collaboration Network","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Mobile Charging Station Placements in Mobile-Fixed Charging Stations Collaboration Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414603427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3607869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3607869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3607869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102766124","display_name":"Peisong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-4041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peisong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-4041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090784640","display_name":"Sihao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-8716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-8716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339915","display_name":"Bing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-4346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90727586","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055vj5234","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-4346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050766297","display_name":"Minzhen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minzhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015340798","display_name":"Changle Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-8908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changle Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-8908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037865550","display_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22625159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"3773","last_page":"3787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.944599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.698199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-station","display_name":"Charging station","score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-charging","display_name":"Inductive charging","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.40290001034736633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.698199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776199953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2611270","display_name":"Inductive charging","level":3,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777908891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806775","display_name":"Load profile","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018081369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7016409","display_name":"New energy","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3607869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3607869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1840410357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"electric":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(EVs)":[3],"have":[4],"gained":[5],"significant":[6,39],"recognition":[7],"in":[8],"the":[9,19,26,29,42,74,108,124,132,144,164,177,181,186,195],"global":[10],"market":[11],"as":[12,62],"an":[13],"innovative":[14],"mode":[15],"of":[16,21,35,69,134,167,185,198],"transport.":[17],"However,":[18],"development":[20],"EVs":[22,36],"is":[23,104,128,153],"based":[24,138],"on":[25,139],"interaction":[27],"with":[28,91],"energy":[30],"Internet.":[31],"The":[32],"increasing":[33],"number":[34],"has":[37],"presented":[38],"challenges":[40],"to":[41,53,59,95,98,106,130,162,194],"existing":[43],"charging":[44,48,56,70,89,93,100,109,113,136,169,188],"infrastructure.":[45],"Traditional":[46],"fixed-location":[47],"stations":[49,90,94,114,137],"are":[50],"increasingly":[51],"inadequate":[52],"meet":[54],"fluctuating":[55],"demand,":[57],"leading":[58],"inefficiencies":[60],"such":[61],"long":[63],"waiting":[64],"times":[65],"and":[66,118,149,159,183],"uneven":[67],"distribution":[68],"load.":[71],"To":[72],"address":[73],"problem,":[75],"this":[76],"paper":[77],"proposes":[78],"a":[79,191],"Mobile-Fixed":[80],"Charging":[81],"Stations":[82],"Collaboration":[83],"Network":[84],"(MFCSCN),":[85],"which":[86,155],"integrates":[87],"fixed":[88,112],"mobile":[92,135,168],"dynamically":[96],"adapt":[97],"real-time":[99,119],"demands.":[101],"Firstly,":[102],"LightGBM":[103],"utilized":[105],"predict":[107],"load":[110],"at":[111],"considering":[115],"historical":[116],"data":[117],"EV":[120,187],"mobility":[121],"patterns.":[122],"Secondly,":[123],"reinforcement":[125,160],"learning":[126,161],"algorithm":[127],"employed":[129],"optimize":[131,163],"placement":[133,166],"predicted":[140],"demand.":[141],"Third,":[142],"within":[143],"MFCSCN":[145,178],"framework,":[146],"LPPO":[147],"(LightGBM":[148],"Proximal":[150],"Policy":[151],"Optimization)":[152],"proposed,":[154],"combines":[156],"predictive":[157],"modeling":[158],"dynamic":[165],"stations.":[170],"Through":[171],"extensive":[172],"simulations,":[173],"we":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"that":[176],"significantly":[179],"improves":[180],"responsiveness":[182],"scalability":[184],"infrastructure,":[189],"offering":[190],"robust":[192],"solution":[193],"evolving":[196],"needs":[197],"urban":[199],"mobility.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}