{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413318929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3597346","title":"Artificial Intelligence-Aided Beam Tracking in Autonomous Vehicles: State of the Art and Future Directions","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence-Aided Beam Tracking in Autonomous Vehicles: State of the Art and Future Directions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413318929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3597346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3597346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3597346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/5fcc8661-d58b-4411-bdcf-eda80ea363b6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086579777","display_name":"Mohammad Nadeem Ahangar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Nadeem Ahangar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Leeds, Huddersfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Leeds, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017766812","display_name":"Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Leeds, Huddersfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-5341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Leeds, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090771677","display_name":"Maryam Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-1627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-1627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014576668","display_name":"Muhammad Salman Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Salman Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Leeds, Huddersfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Leeds, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086579777"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70942848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"18385","last_page":"18403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.7742000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.7742000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5231167674064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5182921290397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5043197870254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45949840545654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40971869230270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32988274097442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14914721250534058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5231167674064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5182921290397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5043197870254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45949840545654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40971869230270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32988274097442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14914721250534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3597346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3597346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/5fcc8661-d58b-4411-bdcf-eda80ea363b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/5fcc8661-d58b-4411-bdcf-eda80ea363b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ahangar, M, Ahmed, Q, Hafeez, M & Bashir, S 2025, 'Artificial Intelligence-Aided Beam Tracking in Autonomous Vehicles : State of the Art and Future Directions', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 26, no. 11, 11130575, pp. 18385-18403. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3597346","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/5fcc8661-d58b-4411-bdcf-eda80ea363b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/5fcc8661-d58b-4411-bdcf-eda80ea363b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ahangar, M, Ahmed, Q, Hafeez, M & Bashir, S 2025, 'Artificial Intelligence-Aided Beam Tracking in Autonomous Vehicles : State of the Art and Future Directions', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 26, no. 11, 11130575, pp. 18385-18403. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3597346","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2023861399","https://openalex.org/W2730915376","https://openalex.org/W2626306547","https://openalex.org/W2021396365","https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W2119515433","https://openalex.org/W2009561238","https://openalex.org/W1340065","https://openalex.org/W2764080676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicles":[1],"(AVs)":[2],"require":[3],"real-time,":[4],"low-latency,":[5],"and":[6,12,17,43,56,76,85,94,110],"high-throughput":[7],"communication":[8,19,58,111],"to":[9,90,107],"ensure":[10],"safe":[11],"efficient":[13],"operation.":[14],"Fifth-generation":[15],"(5G)":[16],"beyond":[18,57],"networks,":[20,59],"particularly":[21],"New":[22],"Radio":[23],"(NR)":[24],"operating":[25],"at":[26],"millimeter":[27],"wave":[28],"(mmWave)":[29],"frequencies,":[30],"offer":[31],"promising":[32],"solutions.":[33],"However,":[34],"higher":[35],"frequencies":[36],"introduce":[37],"challenges":[38,72],"like":[39],"signal":[40],"attenuation,":[41],"blockage,":[42],"complexities":[44],"of":[45,54,73,81],"beam":[46,74,92],"management.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49,99],"provides":[50],"a":[51],"comprehensive":[52],"survey":[53],"5G":[55],"emphasizing":[60],"their":[61],"role":[62],"in":[63,113],"vehicle-to-everything":[64],"(V2X)":[65],"communication.":[66],"It":[67],"uniquely":[68],"addresses":[69],"the":[70,79,98],"technical":[71],"training":[75],"management,":[77],"highlighting":[78],"application":[80],"artificial":[82],"intelligence":[83],"(AI)":[84],"machine":[86],"learning":[87],"(ML)":[88],"techniques":[89],"optimize":[91],"selection":[93],"reduce":[95],"delays.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"explores":[100],"future":[101],"directions,":[102],"focusing":[103],"on":[104],"AI/ML-driven":[105],"solutions":[106],"enhance":[108],"beamforming":[109],"reliability":[112],"dynamic":[114],"AV":[115],"environments.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-12T23:11:45.498971","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
