{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412566976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","title":"Sensitivity of Train Path Envelopes for Automatic Train Operation","display_name":"Sensitivity of Train Path Envelopes for Automatic Train Operation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412566976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3590628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008452662","display_name":"Ziyulong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-2087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyulong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-2087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039361726","display_name":"Egidio Quaglietta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-5832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Egidio Quaglietta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-5832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017755171","display_name":"Maarten G.P. Bartholomeus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268809","display_name":"ProRail","ror":"https://ror.org/024wcha78","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268809"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten Bartholomeus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ERTMS Central Systems, ProRail, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ERTMS Central Systems, ProRail, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268809"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060145801","display_name":"Rob M.P. Goverde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob M. P. Goverde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-4488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21330051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"18921","last_page":"18933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14156","display_name":"Engineering Applied Research","score":0.9502999782562256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.734879195690155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5589061379432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4178731441497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3402072787284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.15778347849845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07920366525650024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.734879195690155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5589061379432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4178731441497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3402072787284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.15778347849845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07920366525650024}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3590628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1852135537","https://openalex.org/W1853065930","https://openalex.org/W1853647952","https://openalex.org/W1964290466","https://openalex.org/W1985067646","https://openalex.org/W2016493615","https://openalex.org/W2087087667","https://openalex.org/W2101132715","https://openalex.org/W2134131633","https://openalex.org/W2177253070","https://openalex.org/W2200828288","https://openalex.org/W2432285071","https://openalex.org/W2507988903","https://openalex.org/W2583161153","https://openalex.org/W2761475530","https://openalex.org/W2766282873","https://openalex.org/W2809565161","https://openalex.org/W2861497845","https://openalex.org/W2883349181","https://openalex.org/W2938894022","https://openalex.org/W2976327234","https://openalex.org/W2989763889","https://openalex.org/W3081881315","https://openalex.org/W3095545966","https://openalex.org/W3151900004","https://openalex.org/W3161341586","https://openalex.org/W4296858322","https://openalex.org/W4312298647","https://openalex.org/W4410799619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Train":[1,58],"Operation":[2],"(ATO)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,63,127,163,206],"enhance":[6],"punctuality,":[7],"energy":[8],"efficiency,":[9],"and":[10,25,50,85,91,133,170,209],"reliability":[11],"by":[12,98,166],"automating":[13],"driving":[14],"tasks.":[15],"Specifically,":[16],"for":[17,103],"mainline":[18],"railways,":[19],"an":[20],"ATO":[21,105],"onboard":[22],"component":[23],"generates":[24],"tracks":[26],"optimised":[27],"train":[28,45,87,134],"trajectories":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31,72,141],"time":[32,183],"targets":[33],"or":[34],"windows":[35,184],"at":[36],"critical":[37],"network":[38],"locations,":[39],"known":[40],"as":[41,160],"timing":[42,48,152],"points,":[43],"across":[44],"routes.":[46],"These":[47],"points":[49,153],"their":[51,181],"associated":[52,182],"constraints":[53],"are":[54,96],"specified":[55],"in":[56,129],"the":[57,76,81,158,192,198,210,213],"Path":[59],"Envelope":[60],"(TPE),":[61],"computed":[62],"ensure":[64],"conflict-free":[65,200],"operations.":[66],"The":[67],"generation":[68,122],"of":[69,75,119],"TPEs":[70,95],"relies":[71],"dynamic":[73],"updates":[74,100],"real-time":[77,86,130],"traffic":[78,131,148,165],"plan":[79],"from":[80,212],"Traffic":[82],"Management":[83],"System":[84],"statuses":[88],"(e.g.,":[89],"position":[90],"speed).":[92],"Understanding":[93],"how":[94],"affected":[97],"these":[99],"is":[101],"essential":[102],"effective":[104],"deployment.":[106],"To":[107],"address":[108],"this,":[109],"this":[110],"paper":[111],"proposes":[112],"a":[113,120,142],"sensitivity":[114],"analysis":[115],"using":[116],"elementary":[117],"effects":[118],"TPE":[121,159],"algorithm,":[123],"evaluating":[124],"its":[125],"response":[126],"variations":[128],"plans":[132],"status":[135],"updates.":[136],"A":[137],"real-life":[138],"case":[139],"study":[140],"Dutch":[143],"rail":[144],"corridor":[145],"with":[146],"heterogeneous":[147],"reveals":[149],"that":[150],"control":[151],"can":[154],"be":[155],"introduced":[156],"into":[157],"headways":[161],"decrease,":[162],"homogenise":[164],"aligning":[167],"speed":[168],"profiles":[169],"thus":[171],"resolving":[172],"conflicts.":[173],"Timing":[174],"point":[175],"locations":[176],"remain":[177],"mostly":[178],"unchanged,":[179],"while":[180],"become":[185],"more":[186,204],"sensitive":[187,205],"when":[188],"placed":[189],"further":[190],"along":[191],"route.":[193],"Operational":[194],"tolerance,":[195],"which":[196],"defines":[197],"latest":[199],"passing":[201],"time,":[202],"becomes":[203],"headway":[207],"changes":[208],"distance":[211],"previous":[214],"stop.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T17:18:41.151588","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
