{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411948754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3582639","title":"Learning Joint Rebalancing and Dynamic Pricing Policies for Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand","display_name":"Learning Joint Rebalancing and Dynamic Pricing Policies for Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411948754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3582639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3582639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3582639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009520677","display_name":"Xinling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4351-7555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143601","display_name":"Decision Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0434dpa13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4351-7555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143601","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083712808","display_name":"Cristine Grings Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-1480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolin Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-1480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034366030","display_name":"Daniele Gammelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-4388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Gammelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-4388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13805885","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078981714","display_name":"Filipe Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-6498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-6498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84065618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"10","first_page":"16619","last_page":"16634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5722951889038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-pricing","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","score":0.47562769055366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4556373655796051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-demand","display_name":"On demand","score":0.45379742980003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.36613789200782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.2660501003265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18411290645599365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5722951889038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.47562769055366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4556373655796051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983523559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410657","display_name":"On demand","level":2,"score":0.45379742980003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36613789200782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2660501003265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18411290645599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3582639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3582639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W855132903","https://openalex.org/W920479839","https://openalex.org/W1542791059","https://openalex.org/W1968571184","https://openalex.org/W1990110120","https://openalex.org/W2064526960","https://openalex.org/W2555135382","https://openalex.org/W2565919573","https://openalex.org/W2790769276","https://openalex.org/W2793188840","https://openalex.org/W2798728990","https://openalex.org/W2903728750","https://openalex.org/W2905551475","https://openalex.org/W2915314538","https://openalex.org/W2915653173","https://openalex.org/W2942911487","https://openalex.org/W2963144120","https://openalex.org/W2963614565","https://openalex.org/W2963679997","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2968301466","https://openalex.org/W2988949213","https://openalex.org/W2990534615","https://openalex.org/W3002585184","https://openalex.org/W3003899243","https://openalex.org/W3029005509","https://openalex.org/W3038029784","https://openalex.org/W3081574797","https://openalex.org/W3088562575","https://openalex.org/W3089257870","https://openalex.org/W3097781489","https://openalex.org/W3098280323","https://openalex.org/W3104599887","https://openalex.org/W3118307366","https://openalex.org/W3155841317","https://openalex.org/W3163842339","https://openalex.org/W3176172421","https://openalex.org/W3176349493","https://openalex.org/W3196587593","https://openalex.org/W4214886000","https://openalex.org/W4226047880","https://openalex.org/W4226147085","https://openalex.org/W4226277886","https://openalex.org/W4251508673","https://openalex.org/W4290943640","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4388507529","https://openalex.org/W4389987707","https://openalex.org/W4394977499","https://openalex.org/W4400947023","https://openalex.org/W4401692204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"urbanization":[1],"in":[2,49,103,162],"the":[3,42,67,94,97,108,137,149],"past":[4],"decades":[5],"has":[6],"significantly":[7],"escalated":[8],"mobility":[9,31],"demand":[10],"and":[11,45,72,86,140],"imposed":[12],"higher":[13],"service":[14],"quality":[15],"standards.":[16],"As":[17],"a":[18,53,62,174],"promising":[19],"solution":[20,176],"to":[21,105,111],"address":[22,107],"this":[23,38],"challenge,":[24],"Autonomous":[25],"Mobility-on-Demand":[26],"(AMoD)":[27],"systems":[28,51],"offer":[29],"tailored":[30],"services":[32],"while":[33],"facilitating":[34],"centralized":[35],"control.":[36],"In":[37],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,65,89,122],"formulate":[41],"joint":[43,95],"rebalancing":[44,116],"dynamic":[46,113],"pricing":[47,114],"problem":[48,56,168],"AMoD":[50],"as":[52,173],"reinforcement":[54,73],"learning":[55,74,130],"over":[57],"graph":[58],"elements.":[59],"By":[60],"proposing":[61],"hierarchical":[63],"policy,":[64,96],"exploit":[66],"benefits":[68],"of":[69,158],"both":[70,132],"optimization":[71],"methods.":[75],"Through":[76],"experiments":[77],"conducted":[78],"with":[79,136],"real-world":[80,179],"data":[81],"from":[82,131,143],"New":[83],"York":[84],"City":[85],"San":[87],"Francisco,":[88],"demonstrate":[90],"that,":[91],"by":[92],"leveraging":[93],"two":[98],"control":[99],"mechanisms":[100],"can":[101],"work":[102],"tandem":[104],"effectively":[106],"limitations":[109],"inherent":[110],"independent":[112],"or":[115],"policies":[117],"under":[118,166],"different":[119,167],"scenarios.":[120],"Crucially,":[121],"show":[123],"that":[124],"our":[125,159],"approach":[126],"is":[127],"effective":[128],"when":[129],"(1)":[133],"online":[134],"interaction":[135,152],"transportation":[138,180],"system":[139,164],"(2)":[141],"offline":[142],"static":[144],"historical":[145],"data,":[146],"thus":[147],"avoiding":[148],"potentially":[150],"expensive":[151],"needed":[153],"for":[154,177],"training.":[155],"The":[156],"success":[157],"proposed":[160],"framework":[161],"improving":[163],"performance":[165],"settings":[169],"underscores":[170],"its":[171],"potential":[172],"viable":[175],"controlling":[178],"systems.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}