{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411599726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3579885","title":"Eliminate Conflicts and Attacks: Fair and Robust Federated Learning for Anomaly Detection of Charging Stations","display_name":"Eliminate Conflicts and Attacks: Fair and Robust Federated Learning for Anomaly Detection of Charging Stations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411599726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3579885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3579885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3579885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007440688","display_name":"Yuange Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-5392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuange Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527887","display_name":"Yuru Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1929-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuru Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022385009","display_name":"Weishan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weishan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058713189","display_name":"Dan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-7420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daobin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116569958","display_name":"Qiao Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043877842","display_name":"Shaohua Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-2942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101835929","display_name":"Baoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-1573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357743","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-769X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028125653","display_name":"Hongwei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5235-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil and Gas Industrial Software, College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418684","display_name":"Xiaoli Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-6562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research and the Centre for Frontier AI Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Fusionopolis, Singapore","Institute for Infocomm Research and the Centre for Frontier AI Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research and the Centre for Frontier AI Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Fusionopolis, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research and the Centre for Frontier AI Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007440688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07162796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"3731","last_page":"3743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9402999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9301000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7190225124359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5215967893600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5085750818252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5015959739685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28543341159820557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7190225124359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5215967893600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5085750818252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5015959739685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28543341159820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3579885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3579885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4177915453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G723534781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024ZD20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060727197","https://openalex.org/W2987793235","https://openalex.org/W2999613521","https://openalex.org/W3007607795","https://openalex.org/W3044515030","https://openalex.org/W3083064204","https://openalex.org/W3086809868","https://openalex.org/W3160253672","https://openalex.org/W3193988822","https://openalex.org/W3213745360","https://openalex.org/W4225265791","https://openalex.org/W4225926344","https://openalex.org/W4284878698","https://openalex.org/W4380303797","https://openalex.org/W4380785301","https://openalex.org/W4380987998","https://openalex.org/W4382203073","https://openalex.org/W4391020370","https://openalex.org/W4391620878","https://openalex.org/W4393156150","https://openalex.org/W4399485319","https://openalex.org/W4401246625","https://openalex.org/W4403445942","https://openalex.org/W4403600978","https://openalex.org/W4404563225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3120251014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"expansion":[2],"of":[3,19,132],"electric":[4],"vehicles":[5],"(EVs)":[6],"charging":[7,51,91,151,190],"stations":[8],"underscores":[9],"the":[10],"urgent":[11],"need":[12],"for":[13,185],"robust":[14],"anomaly":[15,93,186],"detection":[16,187],"systems":[17],"capable":[18],"identifying":[20],"potential":[21,178],"malfunctions":[22],"while":[23],"preserving":[24],"data":[25,43,63],"privacy.":[26],"Federated":[27],"Learning":[28],"(FL)":[29],"has":[30],"emerged":[31],"as":[32,179],"a":[33,76,97,114,129,180],"promising":[34],"solution,":[35],"enabling":[36],"collaborative":[37],"model":[38,121],"training":[39],"without":[40],"requiring":[41],"raw":[42],"sharing.":[44],"However,":[45],"applying":[46],"conventional":[47],"FL":[48,79],"approaches":[49],"to":[50,82,119],"station":[52,92,152,191],"networks":[53],"presents":[54],"significant":[55],"challenges,":[56,72],"including":[57],"non-independent":[58],"and":[59,64,86,113,137,144,167,182],"identically":[60],"distributed":[61],"(non-IID)":[62],"gradient":[65,84,98,115],"conflicts":[66,85],"among":[67],"clients.":[68,173],"To":[69],"address":[70],"these":[71],"we":[73],"introduce":[74],"FedPareto,":[75],"novel":[77],"Pareto-optimal":[78,139],"framework":[80],"designed":[81],"manage":[83],"counter":[87],"malicious":[88],"attacks":[89],"in":[90,188],"detection.":[94],"FedPareto":[95,127],"features":[96],"conflict-aware":[99],"aggregation":[100],"method,":[101],"which":[102],"adaptively":[103],"adjusts":[104],"client":[105],"weights":[106],"based":[107],"on":[108,149],"cosine":[109],"similarity":[110],"between":[111],"gradients,":[112],"magnitude":[116],"reshaping":[117],"strategy":[118],"enhance":[120],"convergence.":[122],"Theoretical":[123],"analysis":[124],"demonstrates":[125],"that":[126],"achieves":[128],"convergence":[130],"rate":[131],"O(<inline-formula":[133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[134],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[135],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\frac{1}{T}$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[136],"attains":[138],"solutions":[140],"under":[141],"standard":[142],"smoothness":[143],"convexity":[145],"assumptions.":[146],"Extensive":[147],"experiments":[148],"real-world":[150],"datasets":[153],"validate":[154],"FedPareto\u2019s":[155,177],"effectiveness.":[156],"It":[157],"outperforms":[158],"state-of-the-art":[159],"methods,":[160],"exhibits":[161],"better":[162],"robustness":[163],"against":[164],"gradient-based":[165],"attacks,":[166],"ensures":[168],"equitable":[169],"performance":[170],"distribution":[171],"across":[172],"These":[174],"results":[175],"highlight":[176],"reliable":[181],"scalable":[183],"solution":[184],"EV":[189],"networks.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
