{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411171919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3574530","title":"Hub Network Design for Strategic Autonomous Shuttle Deployment","display_name":"Hub Network Design for Strategic Autonomous Shuttle Deployment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411171919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3574530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3574530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3574530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084434921","display_name":"Gita Taherkhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6280-1597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","display_name":"Loyola University Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6x2g63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gita Taherkhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quinlan School of Business, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quinlan School of Business, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084563518","display_name":"Bissan Ghaddar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-200X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bissan Ghaddar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Sciences, Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Sciences, Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003981492","display_name":"Sibel A. Alumur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-8053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sibel A. Alumur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Science and Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Science and Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043195575","display_name":"Y-L. Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3730-8194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yacheng Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology & Operations Management, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","Department of Information Technology and Operations Management, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology & Operations Management, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology and Operations Management, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084434921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14391283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"10","first_page":"16602","last_page":"16618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.8290804624557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43622374534606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-shuttle","display_name":"Space Shuttle","score":0.4256015121936798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.42076045274734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3885688781738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.3872799575328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.23936811089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.13948678970336914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.8290804624557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43622374534606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106125477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48806","display_name":"Space Shuttle","level":2,"score":0.4256015121936798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.42076045274734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3885688781738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3872799575328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.23936811089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.13948678970336914}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3574530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3574530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5239661550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2017-04185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6045695392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2022-03523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81344591","https://openalex.org/W801633349","https://openalex.org/W1634255221","https://openalex.org/W1962402543","https://openalex.org/W1988193614","https://openalex.org/W2004512637","https://openalex.org/W2017880525","https://openalex.org/W2018207694","https://openalex.org/W2025310120","https://openalex.org/W2032245460","https://openalex.org/W2037551729","https://openalex.org/W2039338672","https://openalex.org/W2041867487","https://openalex.org/W2044426604","https://openalex.org/W2050000782","https://openalex.org/W2078415021","https://openalex.org/W2084435746","https://openalex.org/W2086522200","https://openalex.org/W2089247135","https://openalex.org/W2108196201","https://openalex.org/W2128361327","https://openalex.org/W2157158960","https://openalex.org/W2226494280","https://openalex.org/W2346552988","https://openalex.org/W2510103015","https://openalex.org/W2549766072","https://openalex.org/W2742361935","https://openalex.org/W2766490636","https://openalex.org/W2803156588","https://openalex.org/W2897737779","https://openalex.org/W2906524013","https://openalex.org/W3048451018","https://openalex.org/W3090765319","https://openalex.org/W3091452775","https://openalex.org/W3092337992","https://openalex.org/W3114215610","https://openalex.org/W3139102621","https://openalex.org/W3204544826","https://openalex.org/W4247117076","https://openalex.org/W4283764350","https://openalex.org/W4390357803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3026710894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"shuttles":[1,218],"into":[2],"an":[3,44],"urban":[4,21,45],"transit":[5],"system":[6,209],"can":[7],"play":[8],"a":[9,38,57,80,212],"pivotal":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,43],"creating":[13],"safer,":[14],"sustainable,":[15],"accessible,":[16],"affordable,":[17],"and":[18,54,87,104,127,131,159,191,194,210],"less":[19],"congested":[20],"environments.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"studies":[25],"the":[26,47,52,69,73,113,116,133,136,144,168,175,178,186,189,192,200,208,217,221,227],"design":[27],"of":[28,34,40,56,60,72,115,135,171,180,188,216,226],"hub":[29,61,83],"networks":[30],"for":[31],"strategic":[32],"deployment":[33],"autonomous":[35],"shuttles.":[36],"Given":[37],"set":[39],"passenger":[41],"trips":[42,182,206],"area,":[46],"problem":[48,76],"is":[49,77],"to":[50,67,89,101,111,129,156],"determine":[51],"origins":[53],"destinations":[55],"fixed":[58],"number":[59,170],"arcs":[62],"that":[63,166,173],"represent":[64],"shuttle":[65,176],"connections":[66],"maximize":[68],"potential":[70],"users":[71],"system.":[74],"The":[75,197],"formulated":[78],"as":[79],"maximal":[81],"covering":[82],"arc":[84],"location":[85],"model":[86,202],"solved":[88],"optimality":[90],"using":[91,98,143],"Benders":[92,117],"decomposition.":[93],"Several":[94,151],"algorithmic":[95],"enhancements,":[96],"including":[97],"reduction":[99],"tests":[100],"eliminate":[102],"variables":[103],"adding":[105],"multiple":[106],"Pareto-optimal":[107],"cuts,":[108],"are":[109,125,141,154],"proposed":[110],"improve":[112],"convergence":[114],"decomposition":[118],"algorithm.":[119],"Additionally,":[120],"two":[121],"data-driven":[122,160],"clustering-based":[123,228],"methodologies":[124,140],"adapted":[126],"implemented":[128],"compare":[130,157],"validate":[132],"solutions":[134],"optimization":[137,158,201],"model.":[138],"All":[139],"tested":[142],"New":[145],"York":[146],"City":[147],"taxi":[148],"trip":[149],"data.":[150],"computational":[152],"experiments":[153],"conducted":[155],"approaches":[161],"under":[162],"key":[163],"performance":[164],"metrics":[165],"include":[167],"total":[169],"commuters":[172],"use":[174],"system,":[177],"percentage":[179],"satisfied":[181,205],"by":[183],"these":[184],"shuttles,":[185,190],"utilization":[187,215],"driving":[193],"walking":[195],"distances.":[196],"results":[198,222],"from":[199,224],"yield":[203],"more":[204,213],"through":[207],"also":[211],"balanced":[214],"compared":[219],"with":[220],"obtained":[223],"either":[225],"methodologies.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}