{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410949814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3568500","title":"AI-Powered LiDAR Point Cloud Understanding and Processing: An Updated Survey","display_name":"AI-Powered LiDAR Point Cloud Understanding and Processing: An Updated Survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410949814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3568500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3568500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3568500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100874019","display_name":"Shanghui Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137867983","display_name":"Central University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/008e3hf02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shanghui Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042793721","display_name":"Xinghan Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137867983","display_name":"Central University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/008e3hf02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghan Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453046","display_name":"Fang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032270954","display_name":"Lingfei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8893-9693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingfei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100874019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8057,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92929119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"8","first_page":"11249","last_page":"11275"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9190999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7935115694999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6239149570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5677369832992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5242131948471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.421486496925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4170435667037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2715921103954315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.230386883020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11538943648338318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7935115694999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6239149570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5677369832992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5242131948471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.421486496925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4170435667037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2715921103954315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.230386883020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11538943648338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3568500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3568500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1614057970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2484923114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20BTJ042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3777120292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20BTJ042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G640909919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24BTJ043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":193,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1640968846","https://openalex.org/W1644641054","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1905829557","https://openalex.org/W1920022804","https://openalex.org/W2027710719","https://openalex.org/W2143750255","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2157497352","https://openalex.org/W2169099300","https://openalex.org/W2211722331","https://openalex.org/W2342223463","https://openalex.org/W2460657278","https://openalex.org/W2485522583","https://openalex.org/W2489780108","https://openalex.org/W2576237889","https://openalex.org/W2587989515","https://openalex.org/W2594519801","https://openalex.org/W2606202972","https://openalex.org/W2609719703","https://openalex.org/W2609822318","https://openalex.org/W2614059183","https://openalex.org/W2737234477","https://openalex.org/W2747078409","https://openalex.org/W2775216572","https://openalex.org/W2777686015","https://openalex.org/W2795014656","https://openalex.org/W2795374598","https://openalex.org/W2797997528","https://openalex.org/W2798777114","https://openalex.org/W2798998662","https://openalex.org/W2806801012","https://openalex.org/W2808871417","https://openalex.org/W2810411589","https://openalex.org/W2888754481","https://openalex.org/W2889895098","https://openalex.org/W2893333163","https://openalex.org/W2893477965","https://openalex.org/W2894567022","https://openalex.org/W2895056134","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2903045062","https://openalex.org/W2904951271","https://openalex.org/W2914821954","https://openalex.org/W2941916520","https://openalex.org/W2945966924","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2960986959","https://openalex.org/W2962701877","https://openalex.org/W2962912109","https://openalex.org/W2962928871","https://openalex.org/W2963053547","https://openalex.org/W2963057320","https://openalex.org/W2963120444","https://openalex.org/W2963226018","https://openalex.org/W2963231572","https://openalex.org/W2963292632","https://openalex.org/W2963299370","https://openalex.org/W2963400571","https://openalex.org/W2963438049","https://openalex.org/W2963509914","https://openalex.org/W2963517242","https://openalex.org/W2963576229","https://openalex.org/W2963706542","https://openalex.org/W2963719584","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2963830382","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964157370","https://openalex.org/W2967740791","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2968474279","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W2976670645","https://openalex.org/W2981199548","https://openalex.org/W2981440248","https://openalex.org/W2982210492","https://openalex.org/W2982589786","https://openalex.org/W2989599677","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W2991216808","https://openalex.org/W2991284067","https://openalex.org/W3003437478","https://openalex.org/W3006630370","https://openalex.org/W3011788244","https://openalex.org/W3012015905","https://openalex.org/W3031288689","https://openalex.org/W3034239841","https://openalex.org/W3034314779","https://openalex.org/W3035002114","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035275207","https://openalex.org/W3035346742","https://openalex.org/W3036406207","https://openalex.org/W3039448353","https://openalex.org/W3041049917","https://openalex.org/W3048385881","https://openalex.org/W3080980548","https://openalex.org/W3081605498","https://openalex.org/W3089401811","https://openalex.org/W3089444959","https://openalex.org/W3089480158","https://openalex.org/W3100405722","https://openalex.org/W3100950981","https://openalex.org/W3109915642","https://openalex.org/W3109944402","https://openalex.org/W3111535274","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3125648170","https://openalex.org/W3136022415","https://openalex.org/W3162787701","https://openalex.org/W3166470370","https://openalex.org/W3167095230","https://openalex.org/W3174510152","https://openalex.org/W3178887474","https://openalex.org/W3184617284","https://openalex.org/W3192424468","https://openalex.org/W3194137276","https://openalex.org/W3198372861","https://openalex.org/W3204568647","https://openalex.org/W3209102426","https://openalex.org/W4200294682","https://openalex.org/W4205419321","https://openalex.org/W4214644223","https://openalex.org/W4214755140","https://openalex.org/W4214777292","https://openalex.org/W4225619493","https://openalex.org/W4286544732","https://openalex.org/W4288455776","https://openalex.org/W4309163186","https://openalex.org/W4310078553","https://openalex.org/W4312270234","https://openalex.org/W4312419284","https://openalex.org/W4312437143","https://openalex.org/W4312442876","https://openalex.org/W4312546175","https://openalex.org/W4312569019","https://openalex.org/W4312604781","https://openalex.org/W4312616477","https://openalex.org/W4312649849","https://openalex.org/W4312818263","https://openalex.org/W4312903973","https://openalex.org/W4312941264","https://openalex.org/W4312950653","https://openalex.org/W4313145913","https://openalex.org/W4366548379","https://openalex.org/W4377102779","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386065344","https://openalex.org/W4386065368","https://openalex.org/W4386071598","https://openalex.org/W4386071758","https://openalex.org/W4386075590","https://openalex.org/W4386076423","https://openalex.org/W4386076547","https://openalex.org/W4386083138","https://openalex.org/W4389204488","https://openalex.org/W4390871794","https://openalex.org/W4390872843","https://openalex.org/W4390874049","https://openalex.org/W4390905122","https://openalex.org/W4392351523","https://openalex.org/W4392552070","https://openalex.org/W4392843861","https://openalex.org/W4393153738","https://openalex.org/W4393241294","https://openalex.org/W4393305264","https://openalex.org/W6608401799","https://openalex.org/W6629098493","https://openalex.org/W6687484953","https://openalex.org/W6694176403","https://openalex.org/W6695314431","https://openalex.org/W6736894448","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6753266022","https://openalex.org/W6761590077","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6764273530","https://openalex.org/W6766799972","https://openalex.org/W6782947720","https://openalex.org/W6810220931","https://openalex.org/W6810249204","https://openalex.org/W6839446344","https://openalex.org/W6846166657","https://openalex.org/W6846629883","https://openalex.org/W6849622024","https://openalex.org/W6849870604","https://openalex.org/W6850582238","https://openalex.org/W6856539668","https://openalex.org/W6858559738","https://openalex.org/W6859841998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"advances":[1],"have":[2,41,55],"enhanced":[3],"the":[4,18,33,59,100,105,124,133,171,204],"efficiency":[5],"and":[6,12,30,50,114,127,136,144,156,161,174,191,200,210],"availability":[7],"of":[8,21,36,107,111,123,129,138,183,194],"3D":[9,27,94,139],"data":[10,24,28,39],"processing":[11,98],"scene":[13],"understanding":[14,209],"technologies,":[15],"which":[16],"confirms":[17],"pivotal":[19],"status":[20],"point":[22,37,67,96,112,141,207],"cloud":[23,38,97,113,142,208],"structure":[25,40],"in":[26,65,71,163,176,203],"transmission":[29],"storage.":[31],"However,":[32],"intrinsic":[34],"defects":[35],"always":[42],"been":[43,56],"a":[44,79],"considerable":[45],"challenge":[46],"for":[47],"model":[48],"complexity":[49],"accuracy.":[51],"As":[52],"substantial":[53],"researches":[54],"conducted":[57],"over":[58,99],"years,":[60,103],"multitudinous":[61],"compelling":[62],"architectures":[63],"applied":[64],"LiDAR":[66,95,131,140,206],"clouds":[68],"are":[69,146,159,179],"proposed":[70],"succession.":[72],"To":[73],"facilitate":[74],"further":[75,201],"research,":[76],"we":[77],"present":[78],"systematic":[80],"integrated":[81],"survey":[82],"focusing":[83],"explicitly":[84],"on":[85,120],"more":[86],"than":[87],"200":[88],"key":[89],"contributions":[90],"to":[91,187],"deep":[92,116],"learning-based":[93,117],"recent":[101],"five":[102],"detailing":[104],"revolution":[106],"feature":[108],"extraction":[109],"techniques":[110],"specific":[115],"tasks.":[118,167],"Based":[119],"an":[121,189],"introduction":[122],"hardware":[125],"sensors":[126],"devices":[128],"several":[130],"systems,":[132],"working":[134],"mechanism":[135],"principle":[137],"acquisition":[143],"storage":[145],"interpreted.":[147],"Moreover,":[148],"about":[149],"30":[150],"publicly":[151],"accessible":[152],"datasets,":[153],"including":[154],"classical":[155],"latest":[157],"outputs,":[158],"summarized":[160],"collated":[162],"accordance":[164],"with":[165],"different":[166],"Comprehensive":[168],"insights":[169],"into":[170],"research":[172],"challenges":[173],"opportunities":[175],"this":[177,184,195],"topic":[178],"suggested.":[180],"The":[181],"contribution":[182],"paper":[185],"is":[186],"offer":[188],"up-to-date":[190],"all-sided":[192],"overview":[193],"realm,":[196],"inspiring":[197],"innovative":[198],"explorations":[199],"achievements":[202],"AI-powered":[205],"processing.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
