{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410294677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3565733","title":"Automotive Radar Multi-Frame Track-Before-Detect Algorithm Considering Self-Positioning Errors","display_name":"Automotive Radar Multi-Frame Track-Before-Detect Algorithm Considering Self-Positioning Errors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410294677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3565733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3565733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3565733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000767481","display_name":"Wujun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wujun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-9324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056141466","display_name":"Qing Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-3603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027840989","display_name":"Ye Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-0037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114116758","display_name":"Yunlian Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlian Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339151","display_name":"Wei Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-7048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078754231","display_name":"Kah Chan Teh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kah Chan Teh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":58.667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99839036,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"13506","last_page":"13521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9366999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5890682935714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5780671834945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.548747181892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5277721881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.5050473809242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-before-detect","display_name":"Track-before-detect","score":0.5001578330993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.468340128660202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46398308873176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-systems","display_name":"Radar systems","score":0.4244760572910309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33878815174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33787378668785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3186280131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15505436062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.11169636249542236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5890682935714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5780671834945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.548747181892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5277721881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.5050473809242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173028925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7831461","display_name":"Track-before-detect","level":4,"score":0.5001578330993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.468340128660202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46398308873176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.4244760572910309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33878815174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33787378668785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3186280131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15505436062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11169636249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3565733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3565733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1253448486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZB20230112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3202377596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M750355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5558743931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7510676481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501739804","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1967214157","https://openalex.org/W1971008109","https://openalex.org/W1973792507","https://openalex.org/W1986771391","https://openalex.org/W1992518780","https://openalex.org/W1996452649","https://openalex.org/W1999881501","https://openalex.org/W2001024432","https://openalex.org/W2033804800","https://openalex.org/W2038908796","https://openalex.org/W2042154170","https://openalex.org/W2050358028","https://openalex.org/W2052240371","https://openalex.org/W2067341428","https://openalex.org/W2068722817","https://openalex.org/W2082179954","https://openalex.org/W2102596614","https://openalex.org/W2113908741","https://openalex.org/W2114512496","https://openalex.org/W2121474958","https://openalex.org/W2129223507","https://openalex.org/W2129708101","https://openalex.org/W2140242774","https://openalex.org/W2148749846","https://openalex.org/W2159021170","https://openalex.org/W2169396814","https://openalex.org/W2343731507","https://openalex.org/W2394863419","https://openalex.org/W2398053359","https://openalex.org/W2479138194","https://openalex.org/W2592680288","https://openalex.org/W2748542155","https://openalex.org/W2774443211","https://openalex.org/W2932703605","https://openalex.org/W2973470335","https://openalex.org/W2975094552","https://openalex.org/W2981753322","https://openalex.org/W3008383159","https://openalex.org/W3090139470","https://openalex.org/W3109339764","https://openalex.org/W3196686707","https://openalex.org/W3197978406","https://openalex.org/W4225691050","https://openalex.org/W4285275305","https://openalex.org/W4296437559","https://openalex.org/W4312309864","https://openalex.org/W4319866426","https://openalex.org/W4321195647","https://openalex.org/W4322730999","https://openalex.org/W4385224036","https://openalex.org/W4385656620","https://openalex.org/W4388936567","https://openalex.org/W4390873206","https://openalex.org/W4399602308","https://openalex.org/W4405938070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999948534","https://openalex.org/W2777039476","https://openalex.org/W2556174549","https://openalex.org/W2054685893","https://openalex.org/W3035724330","https://openalex.org/W2169003475","https://openalex.org/W2169278933","https://openalex.org/W1917254879","https://openalex.org/W1992429258","https://openalex.org/W4390311897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,69,124],"method":[4],"for":[5,129],"the":[6,18,46,58,81,87,93,97,102,112,135,145],"joint":[7],"detection":[8,72,82,172],"and":[9,42,107,132,163,173],"tracking":[10,25,156,174],"of":[11,35,45,60,89,99,104,111,118,144],"weak":[12,182],"targets":[13,91],"in":[14,26,62,152,181],"automotive":[15,27,63,178],"radars":[16,28],"using":[17],"multi-frame":[19,125],"track-before-detect":[20],"(MF-TBD)":[21],"procedure.":[22],"Generally,":[23],"target":[24,136,155,183],"is":[29,74],"challenging":[30],"due":[31],"to":[32],"radar":[33,94,131,168,179],"field":[34],"view":[36],"(FOV)":[37],"misalignment,":[38],"nonlinear":[39],"coordinate":[40],"conversion,":[41],"self-positioning":[43,142],"errors":[44,143],"ego-vehicle,":[47,113,146],"which":[48,147],"are":[49,148,158],"caused":[50],"by":[51],"platform":[52],"motion.":[53],"These":[54],"issues":[55],"significantly":[56],"hinder":[57],"implementation":[59,98],"MF-TBD":[61,71,100],"radars.":[64],"To":[65],"address":[66],"these":[67],"challenges,":[68],"new":[70],"architecture":[73],"first":[75],"proposed.":[76],"It":[77],"can":[78],"adaptively":[79],"adjust":[80],"threshold":[83],"value":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86],"existence":[88],"moving":[90],"within":[92],"FOV.":[95],"Since":[96],"necessitates":[101],"inclusion":[103],"position,":[105],"velocity,":[106],"yaw":[108],"angle":[109],"information":[110],"each":[114],"with":[115,166],"varying":[116],"degrees":[117],"measurement":[119],"error,":[120],"we":[121],"further":[122],"propose":[123],"energy":[126,137],"integration":[127,138],"strategy":[128],"moving-platform":[130],"accurately":[133],"derive":[134],"path":[139],"functions.":[140],"The":[141],"usually":[149],"not":[150],"considered":[151],"some":[153],"previous":[154],"approaches,":[157],"well":[159],"addressed.":[160],"Numerical":[161],"simulations":[162],"experimental":[164],"results":[165],"real":[167],"data":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"large":[171],"gains":[175],"over":[176],"standard":[177],"processing":[180],"environments.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-29T08:53:18.405633","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
