{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410114743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3563352","title":"Both Objects and Relationships Matter: Cross Coupled Transformer for Railway Scene Perception","display_name":"Both Objects and Relationships Matter: Cross Coupled Transformer for Railway Scene Perception","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410114743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3563352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3563352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3563352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102583090","display_name":"dingyuan bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-0134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingyuan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-0134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006768038","display_name":"Baoqing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-8107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoqing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-8107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005868375","display_name":"Tao Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-7223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-7223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050461856","display_name":"Xingfang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5803-1832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingfang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5803-1832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093330844","display_name":"Tao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-6896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation and the School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615324","display_name":"Hongwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-3988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424175","display_name":"Zhipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-7582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-7582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93526117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"7","first_page":"9812","last_page":"9823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.8907999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.8907999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.8503999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.8091999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6391329169273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.561730682849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4637269377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3760780990123749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3453400731086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32819628715515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21451780200004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17063090205192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.0741705596446991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07313212752342224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6391329169273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.561730682849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4637269377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3760780990123749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3453400731086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32819628715515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21451780200004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17063090205192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0741705596446991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07313212752342224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3563352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3563352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2602292583","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u94c1\u8def\u5165\u4fb5\u76ee\u6807\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"52072026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3467075038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52202486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5073223486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RAO2023ZZ002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329246","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G914337406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3211103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329246","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2579549467","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2896941459","https://openalex.org/W2962844592","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963097937","https://openalex.org/W2963536419","https://openalex.org/W2963938081","https://openalex.org/W2976818183","https://openalex.org/W2977371410","https://openalex.org/W2982232158","https://openalex.org/W2984933298","https://openalex.org/W3004826650","https://openalex.org/W3034538190","https://openalex.org/W3048744603","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3102452576","https://openalex.org/W3209330006","https://openalex.org/W4205221364","https://openalex.org/W4205590141","https://openalex.org/W4214685694","https://openalex.org/W4214693531","https://openalex.org/W4214867761","https://openalex.org/W4312936847","https://openalex.org/W4317515984","https://openalex.org/W4319302989","https://openalex.org/W4379409357","https://openalex.org/W4381736267","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6620707391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Railway":[0,87],"scene":[1,19,36,55,108],"status":[2,71],"perception":[3,20,37,48,72],"is":[4,196],"the":[5,9,29,41,69,86,93,190,197,201,226,240],"foundation":[6],"for":[7,76],"ensuring":[8],"efficient":[10],"and":[11,46,60,92,134,159,177,221,237,246],"safe":[12],"operation":[13],"of":[14,155,192,229,235],"trains.":[15],"Achieving":[16],"comprehensive":[17],"railway":[18,35,54,77,107,163,202,219],"requires":[21],"not":[22],"only":[23],"detecting":[24],"objects":[25],"but":[26],"also":[27],"understanding":[28],"relationships":[30],"between":[31,131],"them.":[32],"However,":[33],"current":[34],"technologies":[38],"struggle":[39],"with":[40,56],"latter,":[42],"while":[43],"general":[44],"object":[45,62,132,157],"relationship":[47,160],"methods":[49,243],"perform":[50],"poorly":[51],"when":[52],"facing":[53],"significant":[57],"structural":[58,109],"features":[59,110,158,161],"small":[61],"characteristics.":[63],"Thus,":[64],"this":[65],"paper":[66],"proposes":[67],"Rail-former,":[68],"first":[70,98,198],"framework":[73],"specifically":[74],"designed":[75],"scene.":[78,164],"Rail-former":[79,195],"operates":[80],"based":[81,137],"on":[82,138,215],"two":[83],"key":[84],"components:":[85],"Feature":[88],"Enhancement":[89],"Module":[90],"(RFEM)":[91],"Cross-Coupled":[94],"Transformer":[95],"(CCTF).":[96],"RFEM":[97],"leverages":[99,205],"a":[100,128,139,168,184,222],"cluster-based":[101],"normalization":[102],"evaluation":[103],"method":[104],"to":[105,120,180,183,209],"condense":[106],"in":[111,162,200],"spatial":[112],"domain.":[113],"It":[114],"then":[115],"applies":[116],"high-dimensional":[117],"information":[118],"compensation":[119],"enhance":[121],"small-object":[122],"feature":[123],"representation.":[124],"The":[125],"CCTF":[126],"implements":[127],"cross-coupled":[129],"structure":[130],"decoder":[133,136],"triplet":[135],"novel":[140],"interactive":[141],"attention":[142],"mechanism,":[143],"rather":[144],"than":[145],"conventional":[146],"single-decoder":[147],"or":[148],"parallel":[149],"dual-decoder":[150],"structures,":[151],"enabling":[152],"guided":[153],"enhancement":[154],"both":[156,216],"Additionally,":[165],"we":[166],"introduce":[167],"multimodal":[169],"matching":[170],"loss":[171],"function":[172],"that":[173,204],"incorporates":[174],"masks,":[175],"categories,":[176],"bounding":[178],"boxes":[179],"mitigate":[181],"overfitting":[182],"single":[185],"modality":[186],"during":[187],"training.":[188],"To":[189],"best":[191,241],"our":[193,217,230],"knowledge,":[194],"work":[199],"domain":[203],"panoptic":[206],"parsing":[207],"results":[208],"reveal":[210],"relationships.":[211],"Extensive":[212],"experiments":[213],"conducted":[214],"self-constructed":[218],"dataset":[220,224],"public":[223],"demonstrate":[225],"superior":[227],"performance":[228],"approach,":[231],"achieving":[232],"accuracy":[233],"rates":[234],"49.9%":[236],"37.4%,":[238],"surpassing":[239],"competing":[242],"by":[244],"7.8%":[245],"1.1%,":[247],"respectively.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}